خورشید

Persian

Alternative forms

• (obsolete forms): (from Parthian) هورشید (hōršēd / huršid), خرشید (xuršēd / xoršid), خرشد (xuršid / xoršed)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥

Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar

Proto-Iranian *húHar

Proto-Iranian *xšaytah

Proto-Iranian *huHarxšaytah

Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭫𐭱𐭩𐭲 (ḥwlšyt /⁠xwar(x)šēd⁠⁠/)

Persian خورشید

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭫𐭱𐭩𐭲 (ḥwlšyt /⁠xwar(x)šēd⁠⁠/). Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆-𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀- (huuarə-xšaēta-, “bright sun (an epithet)”). By surface analysis, خور (xwar / xor, “sun”) +‎ شید (šēd / šid, “shine”).

The first part is cognate with خراسان (xurāsān / xorâsân), the name of a province in eastern Iran (since the sun rises in the east), and the second part with Old Armenian աշխէտ (ašxēt).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /xʷar.ˈʃeːd/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊɾ.ʃiːd̪], [xʊɾ.ʃeːd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊɾ.ʃiːd̪], [xʊɾ.ʃeːd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊɾ.ʃiːd̪], [xʊɾ.ʃeːd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xuɾ.ʃid̪̥], [xuɾ.ʃeːd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xoɹ.ʃiːd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χuɾ.ʃed̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	xwaršēd
Dari reading?	xuršīd, xuršēd
Iranian reading?	xoršid
Tajik reading?	xuršed

Noun

خورشید • (xwaršēd / xoršid) (Tajik spelling хуршед)

1. the sun
2. sunshine

Derived terms

• خورشیدی (xwaršēdī / xoršidi)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: xurşid, Xurşid, Xurşud, Xurşit, Xurşut
  • → Armenian: Խուրշուդ (Xuršud), ⇒ Խուրշուդյան (Xuršudyan)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़्वुरशेद (xvurśed), ख़ुर्शीद (xurśīd)

  Urdu: خورْشِید (xorśīd)

• → Kyrgyz: Хуршит (Hurşit)
• → Northern Kurdish: xurşîd
• → Ottoman Turkish: خورشید (hurşit)
  • Turkish: Hurşit
• → Turkmen: hurşyt
• → Uzbek: xurshid, Xurshid

Proper noun

خورشید • (xwaršēd / xoršid) (Tajik spelling Хуршед)

1. a unisex given name, Khorshid or Khurshed

See also

• مهشید (mahšēd / mahšid, “moonlight”)
• درخشیدن (duraxšīdan / daraxšidan, “to shine”)

Further reading

• Vullers, Johann August (1855), “خرشید”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 676b
• Vullers, Johann August (1855), “خرشید”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 749a

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥

Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar

Proto-Iranian *húHar

Proto-Iranian *xšaytah

Proto-Iranian *huHarxšaytah

Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭫𐭱𐭩𐭲 (ḥwlšyt /⁠xwar(x)šēd⁠⁠/)

Classical Persian خْوَرْشید (xwaršēd)bor.

Urdu خورْشِید

Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَرْشید (xwaršēd). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi خورشید (xvrśyd /⁠xurśīd, xurśaid⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊɾ.ʃiːd̪/
• Rhymes: -iːd̪
• Hyphenation: خور‧شِید

Noun

خورْشِید • (xorśīd) m (Hindi spelling ख़ुर्शीद or ख़्वुरशेद)

1. (chiefly poetic or literary) sun

   Synonyms: سُورَج (sūraj), سُورِیَہ (sūriya), رَوِی (ravī)

Declension

Declension of خورشید

	singular	plural
direct	خورْشِید (xorśīd)	خورْشِید (xorśīd)
oblique	خورْشِید (xorśīd)	خورْشِیدوں (xorśīdõ)
vocative	خورْشِید (xorśīd)	خورْشِیدو (xorśīdo)

Proper noun

خورْشِید • (xorśīd) m (Hindi spelling ख़ुर्शीद)

1. a male given name, Khurshid, from Persian

Further reading

• “خورشید”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خورشيد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 294
• Platts, John T. (1884), “خورشيد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 496
• John Shakespear (1834), “خورشید”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC