عفص

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Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed into Arabic from Aramaic עַפְצָא (ʿap̄ṣā) / ܥܱܦܨܳܐ (ʿap̄ṣā), absolute state עֲפֶץ (ʿap̄eṣ), itself treated as a later variant of אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā) / ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā), absolute state אֲפֶץ (ʾap̄eṣ). The Arabic verbs are denominal, from the use of the idea of oakgalls being a powerful astringent, used in medicine and tanning. Arabic عَصَفَ (ʕaṣafa, “to hit on; to blow violently”) is metathetical to this denominal verb with its ideas of violence and after the inflation of an oakgall. Distantly related to the root ع ص ر (ʕ-ṣ-r) which also exists in Aramaic.

Noun[edit]

عَفْص • (ʕafṣ) m (collective, singulative عَفْصَة f (ʕafṣa))

  1. gall-nut, oak-gall
    Coordinate term: تَاكُوت (tākūt)
  2. gall-oak (Quercus lusitanica and other species)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun عَفْص (ʕafṣ)
Collective basic collective triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَفْص
ʕafṣ 		الْعَفْص
al-ʕafṣ 		عَفْص
ʕafṣ
Nominative عَفْصٌ
ʕafṣun 		الْعَفْصُ
al-ʕafṣu 		عَفْصُ
ʕafṣu
Accusative عَفْصًا
ʕafṣan 		الْعَفْصَ
al-ʕafṣa 		عَفْصَ
ʕafṣa
Genitive عَفْصٍ
ʕafṣin 		الْعَفْصِ
al-ʕafṣi 		عَفْصِ
ʕafṣi
Singulative singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَفْصَة
ʕafṣa 		الْعَفْصَة
al-ʕafṣa 		عَفْصَة
ʕafṣat
Nominative عَفْصَةٌ
ʕafṣatun 		الْعَفْصَةُ
al-ʕafṣatu 		عَفْصَةُ
ʕafṣatu
Accusative عَفْصَةً
ʕafṣatan 		الْعَفْصَةَ
al-ʕafṣata 		عَفْصَةَ
ʕafṣata
Genitive عَفْصَةٍ
ʕafṣatin 		الْعَفْصَةِ
al-ʕafṣati 		عَفْصَةِ
ʕafṣati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَفْصَتَيْن
ʕafṣatayn 		الْعَفْصَتَيْن
al-ʕafṣatayn 		عَفْصَتَيْ
ʕafṣatay
Nominative عَفْصَتَانِ
ʕafṣatāni 		الْعَفْصَتَانِ
al-ʕafṣatāni 		عَفْصَتَا
ʕafṣatā
Accusative عَفْصَتَيْنِ
ʕafṣatayni 		الْعَفْصَتَيْنِ
al-ʕafṣatayni 		عَفْصَتَيْ
ʕafṣatay
Genitive عَفْصَتَيْنِ
ʕafṣatayni 		الْعَفْصَتَيْنِ
al-ʕafṣatayni 		عَفْصَتَيْ
ʕafṣatay
Paucal (3-10) sound feminine paucal
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَفْصَات
ʕafṣāt 		الْعَفْصَات
al-ʕafṣāt 		عَفْصَات
ʕafṣāt
Nominative عَفْصَاتٌ
ʕafṣātun 		الْعَفْصَاتُ
al-ʕafṣātu 		عَفْصَاتُ
ʕafṣātu
Accusative عَفْصَاتٍ
ʕafṣātin 		الْعَفْصَاتِ
al-ʕafṣāti 		عَفْصَاتِ
ʕafṣāti
Genitive عَفْصَاتٍ
ʕafṣātin 		الْعَفْصَاتِ
al-ʕafṣāti 		عَفْصَاتِ
ʕafṣāti

Descendants[edit]

  • → Tigre: አፈስ (ʾäfäs)

Verb[edit]

عَفَصَ • (ʕafaṣa) I, non-past يَعْفِصُ‎ (yaʕfiṣu)

  1. to tie up, to wring, to squish
  2. to defeat in battle
  3. to rape, to sard forcefully

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
عَفَصَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun عَفْص)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
عَفْص

ʕafṣ
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ʕāfiṣ
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maʕfūṣ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕafaṣtu
ʕafaṣta
عَفَصَ

ʕafaṣa
ʕafaṣtumā
ʕafaṣā
ʕafaṣnā
ʕafaṣtum
ʕafaṣū
f
ʕafaṣti
ʕafaṣat
ʕafaṣatā
ʕafaṣtunna
ʕafaṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaʕfiṣu
taʕfiṣu
yaʕfiṣu
taʕfiṣāni
yaʕfiṣāni
naʕfiṣu
taʕfiṣūna
yaʕfiṣūna
f
taʕfiṣīna
taʕfiṣu
taʕfiṣāni
taʕfiṣna
yaʕfiṣna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaʕfiṣa
taʕfiṣa
yaʕfiṣa
taʕfiṣā
yaʕfiṣā
naʕfiṣa
taʕfiṣū
yaʕfiṣū
f
taʕfiṣī
taʕfiṣa
taʕfiṣā
taʕfiṣna
yaʕfiṣna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaʕfiṣ
taʕfiṣ
yaʕfiṣ
taʕfiṣā
yaʕfiṣā
naʕfiṣ
taʕfiṣū
yaʕfiṣū
f
taʕfiṣī
taʕfiṣ
taʕfiṣā
taʕfiṣna
yaʕfiṣna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
iʕfiṣ
iʕfiṣā
iʕfiṣū
f
iʕfiṣī
iʕfiṣna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕufiṣtu
ʕufiṣta
عُفِصَ

ʕufiṣa
ʕufiṣtumā
ʕufiṣā
ʕufiṣnā
ʕufiṣtum
ʕufiṣū
f
ʕufiṣti
ʕufiṣat
ʕufiṣatā
ʕufiṣtunna
ʕufiṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕfaṣu
tuʕfaṣu
yuʕfaṣu
tuʕfaṣāni
yuʕfaṣāni
nuʕfaṣu
tuʕfaṣūna
yuʕfaṣūna
f
tuʕfaṣīna
tuʕfaṣu
tuʕfaṣāni
tuʕfaṣna
yuʕfaṣna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕfaṣa
tuʕfaṣa
yuʕfaṣa
tuʕfaṣā
yuʕfaṣā
nuʕfaṣa
tuʕfaṣū
yuʕfaṣū
f
tuʕfaṣī
tuʕfaṣa
tuʕfaṣā
tuʕfaṣna
yuʕfaṣna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕfaṣ
tuʕfaṣ
yuʕfaṣ
tuʕfaṣā
yuʕfaṣā
nuʕfaṣ
tuʕfaṣū
yuʕfaṣū
f
tuʕfaṣī
tuʕfaṣ
tuʕfaṣā
tuʕfaṣna
yuʕfaṣna

Verb[edit]

عَفَّصَ • (ʕaffaṣa) II, non-past يُعَفِّصُ‎ (yuʕaffiṣu)

  1. to tincture with oakgall

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
عَفَّصَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
taʕfīṣ
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muʕaffiṣ
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muʕaffaṣ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕaffaṣtu
ʕaffaṣta
عَفَّصَ

ʕaffaṣa
ʕaffaṣtumā
ʕaffaṣā
ʕaffaṣnā
ʕaffaṣtum
ʕaffaṣū
f
ʕaffaṣti
ʕaffaṣat
ʕaffaṣatā
ʕaffaṣtunna
ʕaffaṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕaffiṣu
tuʕaffiṣu
yuʕaffiṣu
tuʕaffiṣāni
yuʕaffiṣāni
nuʕaffiṣu
tuʕaffiṣūna
yuʕaffiṣūna
f
tuʕaffiṣīna
tuʕaffiṣu
tuʕaffiṣāni
tuʕaffiṣna
yuʕaffiṣna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕaffiṣa
tuʕaffiṣa
yuʕaffiṣa
tuʕaffiṣā
yuʕaffiṣā
nuʕaffiṣa
tuʕaffiṣū
yuʕaffiṣū
f
tuʕaffiṣī
tuʕaffiṣa
tuʕaffiṣā
tuʕaffiṣna
yuʕaffiṣna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕaffiṣ
tuʕaffiṣ
yuʕaffiṣ
tuʕaffiṣā
yuʕaffiṣā
nuʕaffiṣ
tuʕaffiṣū
yuʕaffiṣū
f
tuʕaffiṣī
tuʕaffiṣ
tuʕaffiṣā
tuʕaffiṣna
yuʕaffiṣna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
عَفِّصْ

ʕaffiṣ
ʕaffiṣā
ʕaffiṣū
f
ʕaffiṣī
ʕaffiṣna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕuffiṣtu
ʕuffiṣta
عُفِّصَ

ʕuffiṣa
ʕuffiṣtumā
ʕuffiṣā
ʕuffiṣnā
ʕuffiṣtum
ʕuffiṣū
f
ʕuffiṣti
ʕuffiṣat
ʕuffiṣatā
ʕuffiṣtunna
ʕuffiṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕaffaṣu
tuʕaffaṣu
yuʕaffaṣu
tuʕaffaṣāni
yuʕaffaṣāni
nuʕaffaṣu
tuʕaffaṣūna
yuʕaffaṣūna
f
tuʕaffaṣīna
tuʕaffaṣu
tuʕaffaṣāni
tuʕaffaṣna
yuʕaffaṣna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕaffaṣa
tuʕaffaṣa
yuʕaffaṣa
tuʕaffaṣā
yuʕaffaṣā
nuʕaffaṣa
tuʕaffaṣū
yuʕaffaṣū
f
tuʕaffaṣī
tuʕaffaṣa
tuʕaffaṣā
tuʕaffaṣna
yuʕaffaṣna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕaffaṣ
tuʕaffaṣ
yuʕaffaṣ
tuʕaffaṣā
yuʕaffaṣā
nuʕaffaṣ
tuʕaffaṣū
yuʕaffaṣū
f
tuʕaffaṣī
tuʕaffaṣ
tuʕaffaṣā
tuʕaffaṣna
yuʕaffaṣna

Adjective[edit]

عَفِص • (ʕafiṣ)

  1. acrid, of astringent taste

Declension[edit]

Declension of adjective عَفِص (ʕafiṣ)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal عَفِص
ʕafiṣ 		الْعَفِص
al-ʕafiṣ 		عَفِصَة
ʕafiṣa 		الْعَفِصَة
al-ʕafiṣa
Nominative عَفِصٌ
ʕafiṣun 		الْعَفِصُ
al-ʕafiṣu 		عَفِصَةٌ
ʕafiṣatun 		الْعَفِصَةُ
al-ʕafiṣatu
Accusative عَفِصًا
ʕafiṣan 		الْعَفِصَ
al-ʕafiṣa 		عَفِصَةً
ʕafiṣatan 		الْعَفِصَةَ
al-ʕafiṣata
Genitive عَفِصٍ
ʕafiṣin 		الْعَفِصِ
al-ʕafiṣi 		عَفِصَةٍ
ʕafiṣatin 		الْعَفِصَةِ
al-ʕafiṣati
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal عَفِصَيْن
ʕafiṣayn 		الْعَفِصَيْن
al-ʕafiṣayn 		عَفِصَتَيْن
ʕafiṣatayn 		الْعَفِصَتَيْن
al-ʕafiṣatayn
Nominative عَفِصَانِ
ʕafiṣāni 		الْعَفِصَانِ
al-ʕafiṣāni 		عَفِصَتَانِ
ʕafiṣatāni 		الْعَفِصَتَانِ
al-ʕafiṣatāni
Accusative عَفِصَيْنِ
ʕafiṣayni 		الْعَفِصَيْنِ
al-ʕafiṣayni 		عَفِصَتَيْنِ
ʕafiṣatayni 		الْعَفِصَتَيْنِ
al-ʕafiṣatayni
Genitive عَفِصَيْنِ
ʕafiṣayni 		الْعَفِصَيْنِ
al-ʕafiṣayni 		عَفِصَتَيْنِ
ʕafiṣatayni 		الْعَفِصَتَيْنِ
al-ʕafiṣatayni
Plural Masculine Feminine
plural unknown sound feminine plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal ?
? 		?
? 		عَفِصَات
ʕafiṣāt 		الْعَفِصَات
al-ʕafiṣāt
Nominative ?
? 		?
? 		عَفِصَاتٌ
ʕafiṣātun 		الْعَفِصَاتُ
al-ʕafiṣātu
Accusative ?
? 		?
? 		عَفِصَاتٍ
ʕafiṣātin 		الْعَفِصَاتِ
al-ʕafiṣāti
Genitive ?
? 		?
? 		عَفِصَاتٍ
ʕafiṣātin 		الْعَفِصَاتِ
al-ʕafiṣāti

References[edit]

  • Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 876
  • Freytag, Georg (1835) “عفص”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 185a–b
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “عفص”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 299b–300a
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “عفص”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 731a

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

Root
ع ف ص
1 term

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic عَفَصَ (ʕafaṣa, “to compress, to squeeze”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

عفص • (ʕaffaṣ) II (non-past يِعَفِّص (yiʕaffiṣ))

  1. to squish, to squash
    Synonym: فَعَّص (faʕʕaṣ)
    ليش عَفَّصْتْ المخدّة؟
    lēš ʕaffaṣt almaḵadda?
    why did you squish the pillow?

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of عفص (ʕaffaṣ)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عفصت (ʕaffaṣt) عفصت (ʕaffaṣt) عفص (ʕaffaṣ) عفصنا (ʕaffaṣna) عفصتوا (ʕaffaṣtu) عفصوا (ʕaffaṣu)
f عفصتي (ʕaffaṣti) عفصت (ʕaffaṣat)
non-past m أعفص (ʔaʕaffiṣ) تعفص (tiʕaffiṣ) يعفص (yiʕaffiṣ) نعفص (niʕaffiṣ) تعفصوا (tiʕaffiṣu) يعفصوا (yiʕaffiṣu)
f تعفصي (tiʕaffiṣi) تعفص (tiʕaffiṣ)
imperative m عفص (ʕaffiṣ) عفصوا (ʕaffiṣu)
f عفصي (ʕaffiṣi)

See also[edit]

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