قیرمق

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• قرمق (kırmak)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïr- (“to break”); cognate with Azerbaijani qırmaq, Bashkir ҡырыу (qırıw), Chuvash хир (hir), Kazakh қыру (qyru), Kyrgyz кыруу (kıruu), Turkmen gyrmak, Uyghur قىرماق (qirmaq), Uzbek qirmoq and Yakut кырый (kırıy).

Verb

قیرمق • (kırmak)

1. (transitive) to break, fracture, crack, to separate into two or more pieces under force, stress, or pressure

   Synonym: صیمق (sımak)

2. (transitive, figuratively) to offend, to wound or hurt someone's feelings, to cause somebody emotional pain

   Synonyms: داغلامق (dağlamak), ییقمق (yıkmak)

3. (transitive) to fold, crease, pleat, to bend any thin material over so that it comes in contact with itself

   Synonyms: بوكمك (bükmek), قاتلامق (katlamak)

4. (transitive, of war, diseases, or cold) to decimate, massacre, devastate, to kill in considerable numbers

   Synonym: یوق ایتمك (yok etmek)

5. (transitive) to abate, mitigate, relieve, soothe, assuage, alleviate, to lessen something in force or intensity

   Synonym: یاتشدرمق (yatışdırmak)

6. (transitive) to abate, discount, rebate, to lower, diminish, reduce, or cut something in price or value

Derived terms

• بورونی قیرمق (burunu kırmak, “to abate the pride of a person”)
• عسكر قیرمق (ʼasker kırmak, “to annihilate troops”)
• قوز قیرمق (koz kırmak, “to speak out improperly”)
• قیران (kıran, “that breaks or kills”)
• قیرشمق (kırışmak, “to kill or destroy one another”)
• قیرغین (kırgın, “broken; hurt, offended”)
• قیرق (kırık, “fragment, splinter”)
• قیرلمق (kırılmak, “to be broken”)
• قیرمه (kırma, “pleat, folder, crease”)
• قیرندی (kırındı, “fragment, crumb”)
• قیریم (kırım, “a single act of breaking”)
• پاره قیرمق (para kırmak, “to coin money”)

 

Descendants

• Gagauz: kırmaa
• Turkish: kırmak
• → Armenian: խըռմիշ (xəṙmiš), կըռմիշ (kəṙmiš)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kırmak”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2627
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قرمق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 362a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قیرمق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 997
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Rumpere”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1496
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قرمق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 3675
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kır-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قیرمق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1505