ܚܝܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
6 terms

From Aramaic חֲיֶא (ḥăyyē); related to Arabic حَيَاة (ḥayāh), Hebrew חַיִּים (khayím).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xaj.jeː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xɑːjeː]

Noun

ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ • (ḥayyē) m pl (plural only)

1. life (process of life, all biological life)

   ܗܸܫ ܠܹܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܡܘܼܫ݇ܟ̰ܚܹ̈ܐ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܢܸܪܓܲܠ. ― hiš lē ìwaḥ mūčḥē ḥayyē ˁal nirgal. ― We still have not discovered life on Mars.

2. life (period during which one is alive)

   ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܝܲܩܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܝܢܵܐ، ܡܵܘܬ݂ܵܐ ܡܲܪܝܼܪܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ. ― ḥayyē yaqīrē ìnā, māwṯā marīrā ìlēh. ― Life is precious, death is bitter.

   • John 15:13:

     ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܪܲܒܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܠܲܝܬ، ܕܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܕܝܵܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܠ ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܗܝ ܚܠܵܦ ܪ̈ܵܚܡܘܼܗܝ.

     ḥubbā yatīr rabbā min hānā layt, d-nāšā d-yāḇēl ḥayūh ḥlāp rāḥmūh.

     There is no greater love than this, for one to lay down his life for his beloved.

   • John 14:16:

     ܦܘܼܢܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܐܸܠܹܗ ܝܼܫܘܿܥ: «ܐܵܢܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ ܘܫܪܵܪܵܐ ܘܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ. ܐܘܼܦ ܚܲܕ݇ ܠܹܐ ܐܵܬ݂ܹܐ ܠܟܸܣ ܒܵܒܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܐ ܒܝܼܝܼ.

     pūnē lēh illēh īšōˁ: “ānā ìwen urḥā w-šrārā w-ḥayyē. ūp ḥa lē āṯē l-kis bābā illā bīyī.

     Jesus replied to him: “I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”

3. (with first-person possessive suffix pronouns) deeply platonic or romantic term of endearment

   ܗܵܐ ܚܲܝ̈ܝܼ, ܡܵܐ ܡܸܢܘܿܟ݂؟ ― hā ḥayī, mā minōḵ? ― Hello love, how’s it going?

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܲܝܝܼ̈ (ḥayī)		ܚܲܝܲܢ̈ (ḥayyan)
	construct	ܚܲܝ̈ (ḥay)	2nd person	ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥayūḵ)	ܚܲܝܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥayyāḵ)	ܚܲܝܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥayyāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē)	3rd person	ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥayūh)	ܚܲܝ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥayyōh)	ܚܲܝܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥayhōn)

Antonyms

• ܡܵܘܬ݂ܵܐ (māwṯā)

Derived terms

• ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (bḥayyē, literally “in life”)
• ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܲܠܥܵܠܲܡ (ḥayyē dalˁālam, “eternal life”)
• ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܦܲܪ̈ܨܘܿܦܵܝܹܐ (ḥayyē parṣōpāyē, “private life, personal life”)
• ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܢܵܝܹܐ (ḥayyē rūḥānāyē, “spiritual life”)
• ܟܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (kṯāḇā d-ḥayyē, “life story, book of life”)
• ܟܵܬ݂ܹܪ ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (kāṯēr b-ḥayyē, “to survive”)
• ܠܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (lḥayyē, literally “to life”)
• ܫܒ݂ܝܼܠ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (šḇīl ḥayyē, “a way of life, lifestyle”)

 

See also

• ܚܲܝܘܼܬܵܐ (ḥayūtā)

Etymology 2

Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
6 terms

Related to the above; compare Arabic حَيّ (ḥayy) and Hebrew חַי (kháy)

Alternative forms

• ܚܵܝܵܐ (ḥāyā)

Adjective

ܚܲܝܵܐ • (ḥayyā) (feminine ܚܲܝܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayṯā), plural ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē))

1. alive, living, live, lively

   Synonym: ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (bḥayyē)

   ܠܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܚܲܝܵܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܡܝܼܬܵܐ! ― lā ìlēh ḥayyā w-lā mītā! ― He is alive not dead!

   ܪܓ݂ܝܼܫ ܠܝܼ ܚܲܝܵܐ ܒܵܬ݂ܲܪ ܕܫܬܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܩܲܗܘܵܐ. ― rḡīš lī ḥayyā bāṯar dštē lī qahwā. ― I felt lively after I drunk coffee.

2. raw

   Synonym: ܢܵܝܵܐ (nāyā)

3. running (of water)

Derived terms

• ܐܝܼܬ݂ܝܹ̈ܐ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (īṯyē ḥayyē, “living beings”)
• ܚܲܝ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (ḥay nafšā, literally “alive in spirit”)
• ܚܲܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayūṯā, “vitality, life”)
• ܚܲܝܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayṯā, “midwife”)
• ܚܲܝܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (ḥayyāˀīṯ, “in a lively manner”)

 

Etymology 3

Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
6 terms

From Aramaic חְיָא (ḥəyā); cognate to Arabic حَيِيَ (ḥayiya) and Hebrew חַי (kháy), with the interjection similar to Hebrew יְחִי (y'khí).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xɑːjeː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xaheː]

Verb

ܚܵܝܹܐ • (ḥāyē) (present participle ܚܝܵܝܵܐ (ḥyāyā), past participle ܚܸܝܝܵܐ (ḥiyyā))

1. to live, be alive, have life

   ܐܲܣܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ، ܟܹܐ ܚܵܝܲܚ ܒܚܹܐܪܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ.

   asīrē ìwaḥ wā īnā ādīyā, kē ḥāyaḥ b-ḥērūṯā.

   We were prisoners but now, we live in freedom.

2. to survive (to live past a life-threatening event)
3. to live, reside, inhabit (to have permanent residence somewhere)

   Synonyms: ܥܵܡܹܪ (ˁāmēr), ܫܵܟ݂ܹܢ (šāḵēn)

   ܐܲܚܢܲܢ ܒܸܚܵܝܵܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܓܵܘ ܬܲܝܡܢܵܐ ܕܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ.

   aḥnan biḥḥāyā ìwaḥ gāw taymnā d-nīnwē.

   We live in the South of Nineveh.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܚܵܝܹܐ (ḥāyē)

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܝܼ (ḥyē lī)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥyē lūḵ)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܹܗ (ḥyē lēh)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܲܢ (ḥyē lan)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥyē lāwḵōn)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥyē lhōn)
	f		ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥyē lāḵ)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (ḥyē lāh)
non-past	m	ܚܵܝܹܝܢ (ḥāyēn)	ܚܵܝܹܝܬ (ḥāyēt)	ܚܵܝܹܐ (ḥāyē)	ܚܵܝܲܚ (ḥāyaḥ)	ܚܵܝܹܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥāyētōn)	ܚܵܝܝܼ (ḥāyī)
	f	ܚܵܝܝܵܢ (ḥāyyān)	ܚܵܝܝܵܬܝ (ḥāyyāt)	ܚܵܝܝܵܐ (ḥāyyā)
imperative	m		ܚܝܝܼ (ḥyī)			ܚܝܹܝܡܘܼܢ (ḥyēmūn)
	f		ܚܝܹܐ (ḥyē)

Interjection

ܚܵܝܹܐ • (ḥāyē) m sg (feminine singular ܚܵܝܝܵܐ (ḥāyyā), plural ܚܵܝܝܼ (ḥāyī)) (masculine third-person non-past of the above)

1. long live

   ܚܵܝܹܐ ܡܲܠܟܵܐ! ― ḥāyē malkā! ― Long live the king!

See also

• ܚܲܝܹܬ (ḥayyēt, literally “May you live”)

Classical Syriac

Alternative forms

• (rare) ܚܝܝܐ (ḥayyēʾ)

Etymology

From the root ܚ-ܝ-ܐ (ḥ-y-ʾ) related to living; compare Arabic حَيَاة (ḥayāh), Hebrew חַיִּים (ḥayyîm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħajje(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܝܐ • (ḥayyē) m (plural only; not used in singular form)

1. life, lives
2. salvation
3. subsistence, sustenance, nourishment

Usage notes

Although plural in number, this word may take a verb in either the plural or singular.

Inflection

    declension of ܚܝܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	—	ܚܝܝܢ
construct	—	ܚܝ
emphatic	—	ܚܝܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	—	ܚܝܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	—	ܚܝܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	—	ܚܝܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	—	ܚܝܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	—	ܚܝܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	—	ܚܝܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	—	ܚܝܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	—	ܚܝܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	—	ܚܝܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	—	ܚܝܝܗܝܢ

See also

• ܚܝܘܬܐ (ḥayyūṯāʾ)

References

• “ḥyyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-09-23
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 103a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 139a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 444b