ܚܝܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
9 terms

Inherited from Aramaic חֲיֶא (ḥăyyē); related to Arabic حَيَاة (ḥayāh), Hebrew חַיִּים (khayím).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xajjeː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xɑːjeː]

Noun

ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ • (ḥayyē) m pl (plural only)

1. life (process of life, all biological life)

   ܗܸܫ ܠܵܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܡܘܼܫ݇ܟ̰ܚܹ̈ܐ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܢܸܪܓܲܠ.

   hiš lā ìwaḥ mūčḥē ḥayyē ˁal nirgal.

   We still have not discovered life on Mars.

2. life (period during which one is alive)

   ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܝܲܩܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܝܢܵܐ، ܡܲܘܬ݂ܵܐ ܡܲܪܝܼܪܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ.

   ḥayyē yaqīrē ìnā, mawṯā marīrā ìlēh.

   Life is precious, death is bitter.

   • c. 2014, ܕܝܬܩܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܡܙܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ, Aramaic Bible Translation, Inc., John 15:13:

     ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܪܲܒ݂ ܡܸܢ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܠܲܝܬ، ܕܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܕܝܵܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܠ ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܗܝ ܚܠܵܦ ܪ̈ܵܚܡܘܼܗܝ.

     ḥūbā raḇ min hānā layt, d-nāšā d-yāḇēl ḥayūh ḥlāp rāḥmūh.

     There is no greater love than this, for one to lay down his life for his beloved.

   • c. 2014, ܕܝܬܩܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܡܙܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ, Aramaic Bible Translation, Inc., John 14:16:

     ܥܢܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܐܸܠܘܼܗܝ ܝܼܫܘܿܥ: «ܐܵܢܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ ܘܫܪܵܪܵܐ ܘܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ. ܐܵܦ ܚܲܕ݇ ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܐܵܬ݂ܹܐ ܠܟܸܣ ܐܲܒ݂ܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܐ ܒܝܼ.

     ˁnē lēh ilūh īšōˁ: “ānā ìwen urḥā w-šrārā w-ḥayyē. āp ḥa lā kē āṯē l-kis aḇā illā bī.

     Jesus replied to him: “I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”

3. (with first-person possessive suffix pronouns) deeply platonic or romantic term of endearment

   ܗܵܐ ܚܲܝܝܼ̈, ܡܵܐ ܡܸܢܘܼܟ݂؟ ― hā ḥayī, mā minōḵ? ― Hello love, how’s it going?

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ

number	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
plural	absolute	ܚܲܝܝܼ̈ܢ (ḥayīn)		1st person	ܚܲܝܝܼ̈ (ḥayī)		ܚܲܝܲܢ̈ (ḥayyan)
	construct	ܚܲܝ̈ (ḥay)		2nd person	ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥayōḵ)	ܚܲܝܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥayyāḵ)	ܚܲܝܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥayyawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē)		3rd person	ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥayūh)	ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (ḥayyōh)	ܚܲܝܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (ḥayyayhōn)

Antonyms

• ܡܲܘܬ݂ܵܐ (mawṯā)

Derived terms

• ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (bḥayyē, literally “in life”)
• ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܲܠܥܵܠܲܡ (ḥayyē dalˁālam, “eternal life”)
• ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܦܲܪ̈ܨܘܿܦܵܝܹܐ (ḥayyē parṣōpāyē, “private life, personal life”)
• ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܢܵܝܹܐ (ḥayyē rūḥānāyē, “spiritual life”)
• ܟܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (kṯāḇā d-ḥayyē, “life story, book of life”)
• ܟܵܬ݂ܹܪ ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (kāṯēr b-ḥayyē, “to survive”)
• ܠܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (lḥayyē, literally “to life”)
• ܫܒ݂ܝܼܠ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (šḇīl ḥayyē, “a way of life, lifestyle”)

See also

• ܚܲܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayūṯā)

Etymology 2

Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
9 terms

Of the adjectival pattern 1a23ā, related to the above; compare Arabic حَيّ (ḥayy) and Hebrew חַי (kháy)

Adjective

ܚܲܝܵܐ or ܚܵܝܵܐ • (ḥayyā or ḥāyā) (feminine ܚܲܝܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayṯā), plural ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē))

1. alive, living, live, lively

   Synonym: ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (bḥayyē)

   ܝܠܹܗ ܚܲܝܵܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܡܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ! ― ìlēh ḥayyā w-lā mīṯā! ― He is alive not dead!

   ܪܓ݂ܝܼܫ ܠܝܼ ܚܲܝܵܐ ܒܵܬ݂ܲܪ ܕܫܬܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܩܲܗܘܵܐ.

   rḡīš lī ḥayyā bāṯar d-štē lī qahwā.

   I felt lively after I drunk coffee.

2. raw

   Synonym: ܢܵܝܵܐ (nāyā)

3. running (of water)

   Synonym: ܪܸܕ݂ܝܵܐ (riḏyā)

Derived terms

• ܐܝܼܬ݂ܝܹ̈ܐ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (īṯyē ḥayyē, “living beings”)
• ܚܘܼܪܙܵܐ ܚܲܝܵܐ (ḥurzā ḥayyā, “live program”)
• ܚܲܝ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (ḥay nafšā, literally “alive in spirit”)
• ܚܲܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayūṯā, “vitality, life”)
• ܚܲܝܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayṯā, “midwife”)
• ܚܲܝܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (ḥayyāˀīṯ, “in a lively manner”)

Etymology 3

Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
9 terms

Inherited from Aramaic חֲיָא (ḥăyā); cognate to Arabic حَيِيَ (ḥayiya) and Hebrew חַי (kháy), with the interjection similar to Hebrew יְחִי (y'khí).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xɑːjeː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xaheː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [xajjeː]

Verb

ܚܵܝܹܐ • (ḥāyē)

1. to live, be alive, have life

   ܐܲܣܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ، ܟܹܐ ܚܵܝܹܝܚ ܒܚܹܐܪܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ.

   asīrē ìwaḥ wā īnā ādīyā, kē ḥāyēḥ b-ḥērūṯā.

   We were prisoners but now, we live in freedom.

2. to survive (to live past a life-threatening event)

   Synonyms: ܣܵܪܹܕ݂ (sārēḏ), ܟܵܬ݂ܹܪ (kāṯēr)

   ܥܹܕܬܵܐ ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܡܸܢ ܬܲܪܬܹܝܢ ܡܲܦܩܲܥ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ.

   ˁēdtā ḥyē lāh min tartēn mapqaˁyāṯā.

   The church survived two bombings.

3. to live, reside, inhabit (to have permanent residence somewhere)

   Synonyms: ܥܵܡܹܪ (ˁāmēr), ܫܵܟ݂ܹܢ (šāḵēn)

   ܐܲܚܢܲܢ ܒܸܚܝܵܝܵܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܓܲܘ ܬܲܝܡܢܵܐ ܕܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ.

   aḥnan biḥyāyā ìwaḥ gaw taymnā d-nīnwē.

   We live in the South of Nineveh.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܚܵܝܹܐ

gerund	ܒܸܚܝܵܝܵܐ (biḥyāyā)
verbal noun	ܚܝܵܝܵܐ (ḥyāyā)
		singular				plural
passive participle	m	ܚܸܝܝܵܐ (ḥiyyā)				ܚܸܝܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥiyyē)
	f	ܚܝܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥyīṯā)
agent noun	m	ܚܵܝܘܿܝܵܐ (ḥāyōyā)				ܚܵܝܘܿܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥāyōyē)
	f	ܚܵܝܘܿܝܬܵܐ (ḥāyōytā)				ܚܵܝ̈ܘܿܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāyōyāṯā)
instance noun		ܚܝܵܝܬܵܐ (ḥyāytā)				ܚ̈ܝܵܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥyāyāṯā)
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܝܼ (ḥyē lī)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥyē lōḵ)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܹܗ (ḥyē lēh)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܲܢ (ḥyē lan)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥyē lawḵōn)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥyē lhōn)
	f		ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥyē lāḵ)	ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (ḥyē lāh)
active non-past	m	ܚܵܝܹܝܢ (ḥāyēn)	ܚܵܝܹܝܬ (ḥāyēt)	ܚܵܝܹܐ (ḥāyē)	ܚܵܝܹܝܚ (ḥāyēḥ)	ܚܵܝܲܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥāyaytōn)	ܚܵܝܝܼ (ḥāyī)
	f	ܚܵܝܝܲܢ (ḥāyyan)	ܚܵܝܝܲܬܝ (ḥāyyat)	ܚܵܝܝܵܐ (ḥāyyā)
passive past	m	ܚܝܹܝܢ (ḥyēn)	ܚܝܹܝܬ (ḥyēt)	ܚܝܹܐ (ḥyē)	ܚܝܹܝܚ (ḥyēḥ)	ܚܝܲܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥyaytōn)	ܚܝܲܝ (ḥyay)
	f	ܚܸܝܝܲܢ (ḥiyyan)	ܚܸܝܝܲܬܝ (ḥiyyat)	ܚܸܝܝܵܐ (ḥiyyā)
imperative	m		ܚܝܝܼ (ḥyī)			ܚܝܲܘ (ḥyaw)
	f		ܚܝܲܝ (ḥyay)

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Interjection

ܚܵܝܹܐ • (ḥāyē) m sg (feminine singular ܚܵܝܝܵܐ (ḥāyyā), plural ܚܵܝܝܼܢ݇ (ḥāyī)) (masculine third-person non-past of the above)

1. long live

   ܚܵܝܹܐ ܡܲܠܟܵܐ! ― ḥāyē malkā! ― Long live the king!

See also

• ܚܵܝܹܝܬ! (ḥāyēt!, literally “May you live”)

Classical Syriac

Alternative forms

• (rare) ܚܝܝܐ (ḥayyē)

Etymology

From the root ܚ ܝ ܐ related to living; compare Arabic حَيَاة (ḥayāh), Hebrew חַיִּים (ḥayyîm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħajje]

Noun

ܚܝܐ • (ḥayyē) m (plural only; not used in singular form)

1. life, lives
2. salvation
3. subsistence, sustenance, nourishment

Usage notes

Although plural in number, this word may take a verb in either the plural or singular.

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܝܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	—		1st person	—		—
	construct	—		2nd person	—	—	—	—
	emphatic	—		3rd person	—	—	—	—
plural	absolute	ܚܝܝܢ		1st person	ܚܝܝ		ܚܝܝܢ
	construct	ܚܝ		2nd person	ܚܝܝܟ	ܚܝܝܟܝ	ܚܝܝܟܘܢ	ܚܝܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܝܐ		3rd person	ܚܝܘܗܝ	ܚܝܝܗ	ܚܝܝܗܘܢ	ܚܝܝܗܝܢ

See also

• ܚܝܘܬܐ (ḥayyūṯā)

References

• “ḥyyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 23 September 2011
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 103a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 139a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, page 444b