चक्र

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra). Doublet of चक्कर (cakkar).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃək.ɾᵊ/, [t͡ʃɐk.ɾᵊ]

Noun

चक्र • (cakra) m (Urdu spelling چکر)

1. circle, ring
2. wheel
3. cycle; sequence, progression

   (deprecated template usage) जल चक्र ― jal cakra ― water cycle

Derived terms

• दुष्चक्र (duṣcakra)

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চক্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• চক্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰎𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• စကြ (Burmese script)
• ચક્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਚਕ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌕𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦏꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂍𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಚಕ್ರ (Kannada script)
• ចក្រ (Khmer script)
• ຈກ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• ചക്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᡬᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘎𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᢉᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑦮𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐎𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଚକ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢗꢒ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆑𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖎𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• චක්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩜 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚊𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• சக்ர (Tamil script)
• చక్ర (Telugu script)
• จกฺร (Thai script)
• ཙ་ཀྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒏𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨋𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra, “wheel”), Persian چرخ (čarx), Old Church Slavonic коло (kolo), Lithuanian kãklas, Tocharian B kokale, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Latin colus, Old English hwēol (whence English wheel).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐk.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕɐk.ɾɐ/

Noun

चक्र • (cakrá) stem, n or m

1. the wheel (of a carriage, of the Sun's chariot, of Time)
2. a potter's wheel (ShBr.)
3. a discus or sharp circular missile weapon, especially that of Vishu
4. a circle (Puranic)
5. an astronomical circle, the zodiac
6. a mystical circle or diagram
7. a cycle, cycle of years or of seasons
8. a circle or depression of the body (for mystical or chiromantic purposes; 6 in number, one above the other), the fontenelle or union of the coronal and sagittal sutures
9. (prosody) name of a poetic metre
10. a troop, multitude

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of चक्र (cakrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चक्रम् cakrám	चक्रे cakré	चक्राणि / चक्रा¹ cakrā́ṇi / cakrā́¹
Vocative	चक्र cákra	चक्रे cákre	चक्राणि / चक्रा¹ cákrāṇi / cákrā¹
Accusative	चक्रम् cakrám	चक्रे cakré	चक्राणि / चक्रा¹ cakrā́ṇi / cakrā́¹
Instrumental	चक्रेण cakréṇa	चक्राभ्याम् cakrā́bhyām	चक्रैः / चक्रेभिः¹ cakraíḥ / cakrébhiḥ¹
Dative	चक्राय cakrā́ya	चक्राभ्याम् cakrā́bhyām	चक्रेभ्यः cakrébhyaḥ
Ablative	चक्रात् cakrā́t	चक्राभ्याम् cakrā́bhyām	चक्रेभ्यः cakrébhyaḥ
Genitive	चक्रस्य cakrásya	चक्रयोः cakráyoḥ	चक्राणाम् cakrā́ṇām
Locative	चक्रे cakré	चक्रयोः cakráyoḥ	चक्रेषु cakréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine a-stem declension of चक्र (cakrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चक्रः cakráḥ	चक्रौ / चक्रा¹ cakraú / cakrā́¹	चक्राः / चक्रासः¹ cakrā́ḥ / cakrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	चक्र cákra	चक्रौ / चक्रा¹ cákrau / cákrā¹	चक्राः / चक्रासः¹ cákrāḥ / cákrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	चक्रम् cakrám	चक्रौ / चक्रा¹ cakraú / cakrā́¹	चक्रान् cakrā́n
Instrumental	चक्रेण cakréṇa	चक्राभ्याम् cakrā́bhyām	चक्रैः / चक्रेभिः¹ cakraíḥ / cakrébhiḥ¹
Dative	चक्राय cakrā́ya	चक्राभ्याम् cakrā́bhyām	चक्रेभ्यः cakrébhyaḥ
Ablative	चक्रात् cakrā́t	चक्राभ्याम् cakrā́bhyām	चक्रेभ्यः cakrébhyaḥ
Genitive	चक्रस्य cakrásya	चक्रयोः cakráyoḥ	चक्राणाम् cakrā́ṇām
Locative	चक्रे cakré	चक्रयोः cakráyoḥ	चक्रेषु cakréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: চকা (soka), চকৰ (sokor)
• Bengali: চাকা (caka)
• → English: chakra, chakram
• → Gujarati: ચક્ર (cakra)
• → Hindi: चक्र (cakra), चक्कर (cakkar)
• → Kannada: ಚಕ್ರ (cakra)
• → Malay: cakera, cakra
• → Malayalam: ചക്രം (cakraṁ)
• Marathi: चाक (cāk)
• Odia: ଚକ (caka)
• Pali: cakka
  • → Lao: ຈັກ (chak), ຈັກກະ (chak ka)
  • → Burmese: စက် (cak)
• Punjabi: ਚੱਕਰ (cakkar)
• → Santali: ᱪᱚᱠ (côk) (borrowed from Middle-Indo-Aryan)
• Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠇꠣ (saxa), ꠌꠇꠞ (soxor)
• → Sylheti: ꠌꠇ꠆ꠇꠞ (sokkor)
• → Telugu: చక్రము (cakramu)
• → Thai: จักร (jàk)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “चक्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0380.