चल

See also: चुल, चाल, चील, चिली, and चला

Garhwali

Etymology

From Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit चलति (calati). Cognates include Hindi चलना (calnā) and Nepali चल्नु (calnu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃəl/

Verb

चल (cal)

1. (intransitive) to go

Derived terms

• (transitive) चलौ (calau)
• (causative) चलौ (calau)

References

• Anoop Chandra Chandola (1966), A Synthatic Sketch of Garhwali, University of Chicago press (PhD thesis), page 2

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃəl/, [t͡ʃɐl]
• Rhymes: -əl

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit चल (cala, “moving, trembling; unsteady, perishable; disturbed, confused”).

Adjective

चल • (cal) (indeclinable)

1. moving; trembling
2. movable, mobile
3. unsteady, inconstant, fickle
4. disturbed, confused
5. transient, ephemeral

Noun

चल • (cal) m

1. movement
2. unsteadiness; mobility
3. (mathematics) variable

Declension

Declension of चल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	चल cal	चल cal
oblique	चल cal	चलों calõ
vocative	चल cal	चलो calo

Derived terms

• चल संपत्ति (cal sampatti)
• चलचित्र (calcitra)
• चलपुस्तकालय (calpustakālay)

Etymology 2

Verb

चल • (cal)

1. inflection of चलना (calnā):
   1. stem
   2. second-person singular present imperative

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “चल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “चल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “चल”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• cala (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• চল (Bengali script)
• චල (Sinhalese script)
• စလ or ၸလ (Burmese script)
• จล or จะละ (Thai script)
• ᨧᩃ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈລ or ຈະລະ (Lao script)
• ចល (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄣 (Chakma script)

Verb

चल

1. Devanagari script form of cala, imperative active second-person singular of चलति (calati, “to move”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চল (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬮ (Balinese script)
• চল (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• စလ (Burmese script)
• ચલ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಚಲ (Kannada script)
• ចល (Khmer script)
• ຈລ (Lao script)
• ചല (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐮 (Newa script)
• ଚଲ (Odia script)
• ꢗꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖩 (Siddham script)
• චල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚥 (Takri script)
• சல (Tamil script)
• చల (Telugu script)
• จล (Thai script)
• ཙ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root चल् (cal, “to move”) +‎ -अ (-a, action suffix). Compare च॒र (cará).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.lɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

चल • (cala) stem

1. moving, trembling, shaking, loose
2. unsteady, fluctuating, perishable
3. disturbed, confused

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चल

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चलः (calaḥ)	चलौ (calau) चला¹ (calā¹)	चलाः (calāḥ) चलासः¹ (calāsaḥ¹)
accusative	चलम् (calam)	चलौ (calau) चला¹ (calā¹)	चलान् (calān)
instrumental	चलेन (calena)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलैः (calaiḥ) चलेभिः¹ (calebhiḥ¹)
dative	चलाय (calāya)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलेभ्यः (calebhyaḥ)
ablative	चलात् (calāt)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलेभ्यः (calebhyaḥ)
genitive	चलस्य (calasya)	चलयोः (calayoḥ)	चलानाम् (calānām)
locative	चले (cale)	चलयोः (calayoḥ)	चलेषु (caleṣu)
vocative	चल (cala)	चलौ (calau) चला¹ (calā¹)	चलाः (calāḥ) चलासः¹ (calāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of चला

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चला (calā)	चले (cale)	चलाः (calāḥ)
accusative	चलाम् (calām)	चले (cale)	चलाः (calāḥ)
instrumental	चलया (calayā) चला¹ (calā¹)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलाभिः (calābhiḥ)
dative	चलायै (calāyai)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलाभ्यः (calābhyaḥ)
ablative	चलायाः (calāyāḥ) चलायै² (calāyai²)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलाभ्यः (calābhyaḥ)
genitive	चलायाः (calāyāḥ) चलायै² (calāyai²)	चलयोः (calayoḥ)	चलानाम् (calānām)
locative	चलायाम् (calāyām)	चलयोः (calayoḥ)	चलासु (calāsu)
vocative	चले (cale)	चले (cale)	चलाः (calāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of चल

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चलम् (calam)	चले (cale)	चलानि (calāni) चला¹ (calā¹)
accusative	चलम् (calam)	चले (cale)	चलानि (calāni) चला¹ (calā¹)
instrumental	चलेन (calena)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलैः (calaiḥ) चलेभिः¹ (calebhiḥ¹)
dative	चलाय (calāya)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलेभ्यः (calebhyaḥ)
ablative	चलात् (calāt)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलेभ्यः (calebhyaḥ)
genitive	चलस्य (calasya)	चलयोः (calayoḥ)	चलानाम् (calānām)
locative	चले (cale)	चलयोः (calayoḥ)	चलेषु (caleṣu)
vocative	चल (cala)	चले (cale)	चलानि (calāni) चला¹ (calā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• प्रचल (pracala)

Descendants

• Pali: cala (“trembling, unsteady”)
• Prakrit: 𑀘𑀮 (cala, “trembling, unsteady”)

Noun

चल • (cala) stem, m

1. agitation, shaking
2. wind (L.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चल

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चलः (calaḥ)	चलौ (calau) चला¹ (calā¹)	चलाः (calāḥ) चलासः¹ (calāsaḥ¹)
accusative	चलम् (calam)	चलौ (calau) चला¹ (calā¹)	चलान् (calān)
instrumental	चलेन (calena)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलैः (calaiḥ) चलेभिः¹ (calebhiḥ¹)
dative	चलाय (calāya)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलेभ्यः (calebhyaḥ)
ablative	चलात् (calāt)	चलाभ्याम् (calābhyām)	चलेभ्यः (calebhyaḥ)
genitive	चलस्य (calasya)	चलयोः (calayoḥ)	चलानाम् (calānām)
locative	चले (cale)	चलयोः (calayoḥ)	चलेषु (caleṣu)
vocative	चल (cala)	चलौ (calau) चला¹ (calā¹)	चलाः (calāḥ) चलासः¹ (calāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “चल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 391, column 1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “cala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 256
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “cala”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.