द्रा
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- দ্ৰা (Assamese script)
- ᬤ᭄ᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
- দ্রা (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰿𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑁆𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ဒြာ (Burmese script)
- દ્રા (Gujarati script)
- ਦ੍ਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦿꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂹𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ದ್ರಾ (Kannada script)
- ទ្រា (Khmer script)
- ທ຺ຣາ (Lao script)
- ദ്രാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘿𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠷᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧠𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑑂𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଦ୍ରା (Odia script)
- ꢣ꣄ꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑇀𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖿𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
- ද්රා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭 𑪙𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
- த்³ரா (Tamil script)
- ద్రా (Telugu script)
- ทฺรา (Thai script)
- དྲཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑓂𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑩇𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to run”);[1] compare Ancient Greek ἀποδιδράσκω (apodidráskō, “to depart secretly, escape”),[2] as well as Proto-Germanic *trudaną (“to tread”).[3] See also द्रु (dru, “to run, flee”).
Root
[edit]द्रा • (drā)
- to run, make haste
Usage notes
[edit]This root doesn't form a present, which is supplied by द्रु (dru).[4]
Derived terms
[edit]Primary verbal forms
Secondary forms
- द्रा॒पय॑ति (drāpáyati, causative)
- अदिद्रपत् (adidrapat, causative aorist)
- दिद्रासति (didrāsati, desiderative)
- दिद्रा॑पयिषति (dídrāpayiṣati, desiderative of causative)
- दरि॑द्राति (dáridrāti, intensive)
References
[edit]- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “drā [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 183
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “DRĀ1”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 757
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*tredan- ~ *trudan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 521
- ^ Narten, Johanna (1964), Die sigmatischen Aoriste im Veda (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, pages 149-150
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “द्रा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 501, column 2.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), “1 drā, 'run'”, in The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 79
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*dreh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 127
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “drā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to sleep”), variant of *drem-; compare Latin dormiō (“to sleep”).[1][2]
Alternative forms
[edit]- द्रै (drai)
Root
[edit]द्रा • (drā)
- to sleep
Derived terms
[edit]Primary verbal forms
- द्राति॑ (drā́ti, present)
- द्रायति (drāyati, present)
- द्रा॒स्यति॑ (drāsyáti, future)
- अद्रासीत् (adrāsīt, aorist)
- दद्रौ (dadrau, perfect)
Secondary forms
- दिद्रासति (didrāsati, desiderative)
Non-finite forms
- द्राण (drāṇa, past passive participle)
Derived nominal forms
- नि॒द्रा (nidrā́)
Prefixed root forms
- निद्रा (nidrā)
References
[edit]- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “drā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 183
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “DRĀ2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 757-8
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “द्रै”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 502, column 3.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), “2 drā, 'sleep'”, in The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 79
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “द्रा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “द्रा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 398
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*dreh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 126-7
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 204