पर्ण

See also: पूर्ण, प्राणु, पुराण, and प्राण

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇa). Doublet of पन्ना (pannā, “page”) and पान (pān, “betel leaf”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /pəɾɳ/, [pɐɾɳ]

Noun

पर्ण • (parṇ) m (Urdu spelling پرݨ)

1. feather (of a bird)

   Synonym: पर (par)

2. leaf (of a tree)

   Synonyms: पत्ता (pattā), पत्र (patra)

Declension

Declension of पर्ण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पर्ण parṇ	पर्ण parṇ
oblique	पर्ण parṇ	पर्णों parṇõ
vocative	पर्ण parṇ	पर्णो parṇo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “पर्ण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
• পর্ণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ပရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
• પર્ણ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಪರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
• បណ៌ (Khmer script)
• ປຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
• പര്ണ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
• ପର୍ଣ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
• පර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
• பர்ண (Tamil script)
• పర్ణ (Telugu script)
• ปรฺณ (Thai script)
• པ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *p(t)erH-

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-European *pornóm

Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám

Proto-Indo-Aryan *parnám

Sanskrit पर्ण

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *parnám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám (“leaf, feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pornóm, from *p(t)erH- (“fern”) + *-nós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna), Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), English fern.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐɾ.ɳɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐɾ.ɳɐ/

Noun

प॒र्ण • (parṇá) stem, n

1. pinion, feather (also of an arrow), wing
2. leaf (regarded as the plumage of a tree)

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of प॒र्ण

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	प॒र्णम् (parṇám)	प॒र्णे (parṇé)	प॒र्णानि॑ (parṇā́ni) प॒र्णा¹ (parṇā́¹)
accusative	प॒र्णम् (parṇám)	प॒र्णे (parṇé)	प॒र्णानि॑ (parṇā́ni) प॒र्णा¹ (parṇā́¹)
instrumental	प॒र्णेन॑ (parṇéna)	प॒र्णाभ्या॑म् (parṇā́bhyām)	प॒र्णैः (parṇáiḥ) प॒र्णेभिः॑¹ (parṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	प॒र्णाय॑ (parṇā́ya)	प॒र्णाभ्या॑म् (parṇā́bhyām)	प॒र्णेभ्यः॑ (parṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	प॒र्णात् (parṇā́t)	प॒र्णाभ्या॑म् (parṇā́bhyām)	प॒र्णेभ्यः॑ (parṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	प॒र्णस्य॑ (parṇásya)	प॒र्णयोः॑ (parṇáyoḥ)	प॒र्णाना॑म् (parṇā́nām)
locative	प॒र्णे (parṇé)	प॒र्णयोः॑ (parṇáyoḥ)	प॒र्णेषु॑ (parṇéṣu)
vocative	पर्ण॑ (párṇa)	पर्णे॑ (párṇe)	पर्णा॑नि (párṇāni) पर्णा॑¹ (párṇā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• ताम्रपर्णी (tāmraparṇī)
• पर्णशाला (parṇaśālā)

Descendants

Inherited

• Dardic:
  • Chitrali:
    • Kalasha: pọ̃
  • Kashmiric:
    • Kashmiri: پَن (pan)
  • Kohistani:
    • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (paṇa)
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
  • Apabhramsa: पण्ण (paṇṇa) (descendants largely refer to "betel leaf")
    • Central Indo-Aryan:
      • Hindustani:
        • Hindi: पान (pān)
        • Urdu: پان (pān)
    • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
      • Bengali-Assamese:
        • Assamese: পাণ (pan)
        • Bengali: পান (pan)
        • Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠘ (fan)
      • Bihari:
        • Bhojpuri: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān)
        • Maithili: पान (pān)
        • Magahi: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān)
      • Odia: ପାନ (pāna)
    • Northern Indo-Aryan:
      • Kumaoni: पान (pān)
      • Nepali: पानु (pānu), पान (pān)
      • Garhwali: पान (pān)
    • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
      • Sindhi: پَنُ / पनु (panu)
    • Southern Indo-Aryan:
      • Konkani: पान (pān)
      • Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘰𑘡 (pāna)
        • Marathi: पान (pān)
    • Western Indo-Aryan:
      • Old Gujarati: पान (pāna)
        • Gujarati: પાન (pān)
          • ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
        • Marwari: पान (pān)
  • Insular Indo-Aryan:
    • Dhivehi: ފަން (fan̊, “coconut palm leaf”)
    • Sinhalese: පන (pana)
• Pali: paṇṇa
  • → Khmer: ប័ណ្ណ (ban) (learned)
  • → Lao: ບັນນະ (ban na) (learned)
  • → Thai: บรรณ (ban) (learned)

Borrowed

• → Hindi: पर्ण (parṇ)
• → Tamil: பர்ணம் (parṇam), பன்னம் (paṉṉam)
• → Kannada: ಪರ್ಣ (parṇa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “पर्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 606/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 97
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “parṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press