पूर्ण

See also: पर्ण, प्राणु, पुराण, and प्राण

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /puːɾɳ/

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پورن)

1. complete, whole, entire

   Synonym: पूरा (pūrā)

2. full

   Synonym: पूरा (pūrā)

3. perfect

   Antonym: अपूर्ण (apūrṇ)

4. absolute, total

   Synonym: निरपेक्ष (nirpekṣ)

5. finished, accomplished
6. plenary
7. (grammar) perfective

   Antonym: अपूर्ण (apūrṇ)

Derived terms

• अपूर्ण (apūrṇ)
• दोषपूर्ण (doṣpūrṇ)
• त्रुटिपूर्ण (truṭipūrṇ)

Noun

पूर्ण • (pūrṇ) m

1. a whole of something

Declension

Declension of पूर्ण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पूर्ण pūrṇ	पूर्ण pūrṇ
oblique	पूर्ण pūrṇ	पूर्णों pūrṇõ
vocative	पूर्ण pūrṇ	पूर्णो pūrṇo

Konkani

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa).

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇ) (Latin script purnn, Kannada script ಪೂರ್ಣ)

1. full, entire

   Synonym: अक्खो (akkhô)

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /puɾ.ɳə/

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇa) (indeclinable)

1. full
2. whole, entire, complete

Derived terms

• अपूर्ण (apūrṇa, “incomplete”)
• पूर्ण संख्या (pūrṇa saṅkhyā, “whole number”)
• पूर्णत्व (pūrṇatva, “completeness”)
• पूर्णांक (pūrṇāṅka, “integer”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “पूर्ण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “पूर्ण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “पूर्ण”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Nepali

Alternative forms

• पुर्न (purna)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [purɽ̃ʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: पुर्ण

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇa)

1. full
2. complete

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931), “पूर्ण”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পূৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬹᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
• পূর্ণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ပူရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
• પૂર્ણ (Gujarati script)
• ਪੂਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦹꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಪೂರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
• បូណ៌ (Khmer script)
• ປູຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
• പൂര്ണ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᡠᡠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠤᠤᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧕𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
• ପୂର୍ଣ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢹꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
• පූර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
• பூர்ண (Tamil script)
• పూర్ణ (Telugu script)
• ปูรฺณ (Thai script)
• པཱུ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hnás (“full”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (pər^əna), Persian پر (por), Latin plēnus, Old Church Slavonic пльнъ (plĭnŭ), Lithuanian pi̇̀lnas, English full). By surface analysis, from the root पॄ (pṝ) +‎ -न (-ná).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /puːɾ.ɳɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /puːɾ.ɳɐ/

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇá) stem (root पॄ)

1. full, filled, filled with, full of
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.112.6:

     इदं ते पात्रं सनवित्तमिन्द्र पिबा सोममेना शतक्रतो ।
     पूर्ण आहावो मदिरस्य मध्वो यं विश्व इदभिहर्यन्ति देवाः ॥

     idaṃ te pātraṃ sanavittamindra pibā somamenā śatakrato.
     pūrṇa āhāvo madirasya madhvo yaṃ viśva idabhiharyanti devāḥ.

     Found from of old is this thy cup, O Indra: Śatakratu, drink therefrom the Soma.
     Filled is the beaker with the meath that gladdens, the beaker which all Deities delight in.

2. whole, entire, complete
3. fulfilled, accomplished
4. ended, completed, past, elapsed
5. satisfied, contented

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पूर्ण

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पूर्णः (pūrṇáḥ)	पूर्णौ (pūrṇáu) पूर्णा¹ (pūrṇā́¹)	पूर्णाः (pūrṇā́ḥ) पूर्णासः¹ (pūrṇā́saḥ¹)
accusative	पूर्णम् (pūrṇám)	पूर्णौ (pūrṇáu) पूर्णा¹ (pūrṇā́¹)	पूर्णान् (pūrṇā́n)
instrumental	पूर्णेन (pūrṇéna)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णैः (pūrṇáiḥ) पूर्णेभिः¹ (pūrṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	पूर्णाय (pūrṇā́ya)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णेभ्यः (pūrṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	पूर्णात् (pūrṇā́t)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णेभ्यः (pūrṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	पूर्णस्य (pūrṇásya)	पूर्णयोः (pūrṇáyoḥ)	पूर्णानाम् (pūrṇā́nām)
locative	पूर्णे (pūrṇé)	पूर्णयोः (pūrṇáyoḥ)	पूर्णेषु (pūrṇéṣu)
vocative	पूर्ण (pū́rṇa)	पूर्णौ (pū́rṇau) पूर्णा¹ (pū́rṇā¹)	पूर्णाः (pū́rṇāḥ) पूर्णासः¹ (pū́rṇāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of पूर्णा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पूर्णा (pūrṇā́)	पूर्णे (pūrṇé)	पूर्णाः (pūrṇā́ḥ)
accusative	पूर्णाम् (pūrṇā́m)	पूर्णे (pūrṇé)	पूर्णाः (pūrṇā́ḥ)
instrumental	पूर्णया (pūrṇáyā) पूर्णा¹ (pūrṇā́¹)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णाभिः (pūrṇā́bhiḥ)
dative	पूर्णायै (pūrṇā́yai)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णाभ्यः (pūrṇā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	पूर्णायाः (pūrṇā́yāḥ) पूर्णायै² (pūrṇā́yai²)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णाभ्यः (pūrṇā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	पूर्णायाः (pūrṇā́yāḥ) पूर्णायै² (pūrṇā́yai²)	पूर्णयोः (pūrṇáyoḥ)	पूर्णानाम् (pūrṇā́nām)
locative	पूर्णायाम् (pūrṇā́yām)	पूर्णयोः (pūrṇáyoḥ)	पूर्णासु (pūrṇā́su)
vocative	पूर्णे (pū́rṇe)	पूर्णे (pū́rṇe)	पूर्णाः (pū́rṇāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of पूर्ण

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पूर्णम् (pūrṇám)	पूर्णे (pūrṇé)	पूर्णानि (pūrṇā́ni) पूर्णा¹ (pūrṇā́¹)
accusative	पूर्णम् (pūrṇám)	पूर्णे (pūrṇé)	पूर्णानि (pūrṇā́ni) पूर्णा¹ (pūrṇā́¹)
instrumental	पूर्णेन (pūrṇéna)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णैः (pūrṇáiḥ) पूर्णेभिः¹ (pūrṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	पूर्णाय (pūrṇā́ya)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णेभ्यः (pūrṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	पूर्णात् (pūrṇā́t)	पूर्णाभ्याम् (pūrṇā́bhyām)	पूर्णेभ्यः (pūrṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	पूर्णस्य (pūrṇásya)	पूर्णयोः (pūrṇáyoḥ)	पूर्णानाम् (pūrṇā́nām)
locative	पूर्णे (pūrṇé)	पूर्णयोः (pūrṇáyoḥ)	पूर्णेषु (pūrṇéṣu)
vocative	पूर्ण (pū́rṇa)	पूर्णे (pū́rṇe)	पूर्णानि (pū́rṇāni) पूर्णा¹ (pū́rṇā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• पूर्णिमा f (pūrṇimā, “day/night of full moon”)
• परिपूर्ण (paripūrṇa, “quite full; perfect”)

Descendants

• Pali: puṇṇa
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡 (puṇṇa)
  • Central:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: पून (pūn)

      Urdu: پُون (pūn)

  • Northwestern:
    • Lahnda: پونا (punnā)
• → Bengali: পূর্ণ (purno) (learned)
• → Hindi: पूर्ण (pūrṇ) (learned)
• → Kannada: ಪೂರ್ಣ (pūrṇa) (learned)
• → Konkani: पूर्ण (pūrṇa) (learned)
• → Marathi: पूर्ण (pūrṇa) (learned)
• → Nepali: पूर्ण (pūrṇa) (learned)
• → Punjabi: ਪੂਰਨ (pūran) (learned)
• → Telugu: పూర్ణము (pūrṇamu) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “पूर्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 642, column 1.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “pūrṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.