बद्ध

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बद्ध (baddhá).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /bəd̪d̪ʱ/, [bɐd̪(ː)ʱ]

Adjective

बद्ध • (baddh) (indeclinable)

bound, fastened, tied
Synonym: बाँधा (bāndhā)
restrained, limited
fixed, joined; stuck

Derived terms

-बद्ध (-baddh, “-bound”)
बद्धी (baddhī)

Related terms

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

baddha (Latin script)
𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
বদ্ধ (Bengali script)
බද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
ဗဒ္ဓ or ၿၻ္ꩪ or ၿၻ်ꩪ (Burmese script)
พทฺธ or พัทธะ (Thai script)
ᨻᨴ᩠ᨵ (Tai Tham script)
ພທ຺ຘ or ພັທຘະ (Lao script)
ពទ្ធ (Khmer script)
𑄝𑄘𑄴𑄙 (Chakma script)

Adjective

बद्ध

Devanagari script form of baddha, which is past passive participle of बन्धति (bandhati, “to bind”)

Declension

Declension table of "बद्ध" (masculine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	बद्धो (baddho)	बद्धा (baddhā)
Accusative (second)	बद्धं (baddhaṃ)	बद्धे (baddhe)
Instrumental (third)	बद्धेन (baddhena)	बद्धेहि (baddhehi) or बद्धेभि (baddhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	बद्धस्स (baddhassa) or बद्धाय (baddhāya) or बद्धत्थं (baddhatthaṃ)	बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	बद्धस्मा (baddhasmā) or बद्धम्हा (baddhamhā) or बद्धा (baddhā)	बद्धेहि (baddhehi) or बद्धेभि (baddhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	बद्धस्स (baddhassa)	बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	बद्धस्मिं (baddhasmiṃ) or बद्धम्हि (baddhamhi) or बद्धे (baddhe)	बद्धेसु (baddhesu)
Vocative (calling)	बद्ध (baddha)	बद्धा (baddhā)

Declension table of "बद्धा" (feminine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	बद्धा (baddhā)	बद्धायो (baddhāyo) or बद्धा (baddhā)
Accusative (second)	बद्धं (baddhaṃ)	बद्धायो (baddhāyo) or बद्धा (baddhā)
Instrumental (third)	बद्धाय (baddhāya)	बद्धाहि (baddhāhi) or बद्धाभि (baddhābhi)
Dative (fourth)	बद्धाय (baddhāya)	बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	बद्धाय (baddhāya)	बद्धाहि (baddhāhi) or बद्धाभि (baddhābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	बद्धाय (baddhāya)	बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	बद्धाय (baddhāya) or बद्धायं (baddhāyaṃ)	बद्धासु (baddhāsu)
Vocative (calling)	बद्धे (baddhe)	बद्धायो (baddhāyo) or बद्धा (baddhā)

Declension table of "बद्ध" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	बद्धं (baddhaṃ)	बद्धानि (baddhāni)
Accusative (second)	बद्धं (baddhaṃ)	बद्धानि (baddhāni)
Instrumental (third)	बद्धेन (baddhena)	बद्धेहि (baddhehi) or बद्धेभि (baddhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	बद्धस्स (baddhassa) or बद्धाय (baddhāya) or बद्धत्थं (baddhatthaṃ)	बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	बद्धस्मा (baddhasmā) or बद्धम्हा (baddhamhā) or बद्धा (baddhā)	बद्धेहि (baddhehi) or बद्धेभि (baddhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	बद्धस्स (baddhassa)	बद्धानं (baddhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	बद्धस्मिं (baddhasmiṃ) or बद्धम्हि (baddhamhi) or बद्धे (baddhe)	बद्धेसु (baddhesu)
Vocative (calling)	बद्ध (baddha)	बद्धानि (baddhāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

বদ্ধ (Assamese script)
ᬩᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
বদ্ধ (Bengali script)
𑰤𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
ဗဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
બદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
ਬਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌬𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
ꦧꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
𑂥𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
ಬದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
ពទ្ធ (Khmer script)
ພທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
ബദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
ᠪᠠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘤𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
ᠪᠠᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧄𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
𑐧𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
ବଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
ꢨꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
𑆧𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
𑖤𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
බද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
𑩲𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
𑚠𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
ப³த்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
బద్ధ (Telugu script)
พทฺธ (Thai script)
བ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
𑒥𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
𑨠𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰadᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥dʰ-tó-s, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, bond”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (basta), Old Persian 𐎲𐎿𐎫 (b-s-t /⁠basta⁠/). Synchronically analysable as बन्ध् (bandh, root) +‎ -त (-ta).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bɐd.dʱɐ́/, [bɐd̚.dʱɐ́]
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /bɐd̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [bɐd̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

Participle

ब॒द्ध • (baddhá) past passive participle (root बन्ध्)

past passive participle of बन्ध् (bandh)

Adjective

बद्ध • (baddha) stem

bound, tied
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.58.3:
  च॒त्वारि॒ शृङ्गा॒ त्रयो॑ अस्य॒ पादा॒ द्वे शी॒र्षे स॒प्त हस्ता॑सो अस्य ।
  त्रिधा॑ ब॒द्धो वृ॑ष॒भो रो॑रवीति म॒हो दे॒वो मर्त्याँ॒ आ वि॑वेश ॥
  catvā́ri śṛ́ṅgā tráyo asya pā́dā dvé śīrṣé saptá hástāso asya.
  trídhā baddhó vṛṣabhó roravīti mahó devó mártyām̐ ā́ viveśa.
  Four are his horns, three are the feet that bear him; his heads are two, his hands are seven in number.
  Bound thrice, the Steer roars loudly: the mighty God hath entered in to mortals.
fettered, chained
fixed, fastened
captured, imprisoned, caught, confined
bound by the fetters of existence or evil
hanged, hung
tied up (as a braid of hair)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ब॒द्ध
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ब॒द्धः (baddháḥ)	ब॒द्धौ (baddháu) ब॒द्धा¹ (baddhā́¹)	ब॒द्धाः (baddhā́ḥ) ब॒द्धासः॑¹ (baddhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	ब॒द्धम् (baddhám)	ब॒द्धौ (baddháu) ब॒द्धा¹ (baddhā́¹)	ब॒द्धान् (baddhā́n)
instrumental	ब॒द्धेन॑ (baddhéna)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धैः (baddháiḥ) ब॒द्धेभिः॑¹ (baddhébhiḥ¹)
dative	ब॒द्धाय॑ (baddhā́ya)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (baddhébhyaḥ)
ablative	ब॒द्धात् (baddhā́t)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (baddhébhyaḥ)
genitive	ब॒द्धस्य॑ (baddhásya)	ब॒द्धयोः॑ (baddháyoḥ)	ब॒द्धाना॑म् (baddhā́nām)
locative	ब॒द्धे (baddhé)	ब॒द्धयोः॑ (baddháyoḥ)	ब॒द्धेषु॑ (baddhéṣu)
vocative	बद्ध॑ (báddha)	बद्धौ॑ (báddhau) बद्धा॑¹ (báddhā¹)	बद्धाः॑ (báddhāḥ) बद्धा॑सः¹ (báddhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of ब॒द्धा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ब॒द्धा (baddhā́)	ब॒द्धे (baddhé)	ब॒द्धाः (baddhā́ḥ)
accusative	ब॒द्धाम् (baddhā́m)	ब॒द्धे (baddhé)	ब॒द्धाः (baddhā́ḥ)
instrumental	ब॒द्धया॑ (baddháyā) ब॒द्धा¹ (baddhā́¹)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धाभिः॑ (baddhā́bhiḥ)
dative	ब॒द्धायै॑ (baddhā́yai)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धाभ्यः॑ (baddhā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	ब॒द्धायाः॑ (baddhā́yāḥ) ब॒द्धायै॑² (baddhā́yai²)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धाभ्यः॑ (baddhā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	ब॒द्धायाः॑ (baddhā́yāḥ) ब॒द्धायै॑² (baddhā́yai²)	ब॒द्धयोः॑ (baddháyoḥ)	ब॒द्धाना॑म् (baddhā́nām)
locative	ब॒द्धाया॑म् (baddhā́yām)	ब॒द्धयोः॑ (baddháyoḥ)	ब॒द्धासु॑ (baddhā́su)
vocative	बद्धे॑ (báddhe)	बद्धे॑ (báddhe)	बद्धाः॑ (báddhāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of ब॒द्ध
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ब॒द्धम् (baddhám)	ब॒द्धे (baddhé)	ब॒द्धानि॑ (baddhā́ni) ब॒द्धा¹ (baddhā́¹)
accusative	ब॒द्धम् (baddhám)	ब॒द्धे (baddhé)	ब॒द्धानि॑ (baddhā́ni) ब॒द्धा¹ (baddhā́¹)
instrumental	ब॒द्धेन॑ (baddhéna)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धैः (baddháiḥ) ब॒द्धेभिः॑¹ (baddhébhiḥ¹)
dative	ब॒द्धाय॑ (baddhā́ya)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (baddhébhyaḥ)
ablative	ब॒द्धात् (baddhā́t)	ब॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (baddhā́bhyām)	ब॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (baddhébhyaḥ)
genitive	ब॒द्धस्य॑ (baddhásya)	ब॒द्धयोः॑ (baddháyoḥ)	ब॒द्धाना॑म् (baddhā́nām)
locative	ब॒द्धे (baddhé)	ब॒द्धयोः॑ (baddháyoḥ)	ब॒द्धेषु॑ (baddhéṣu)
vocative	बद्ध॑ (báddha)	बद्धे॑ (báddhe)	बद्धा॑नि (báddhāni) बद्धा॑¹ (báddhā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑀥 (badha /⁠baddha⁠/)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀩𑀤𑁆𑀥 (baddha)
  - Gujarati: બાધું (bādhũ)
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਬੱਧਾ (baddhā)
    Shahmukhi script: بَدّھا (baddhā)
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: ٻَڌو (ḇadho)
    Devanagari script: ॿधो
Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: බද (bada)
Pali: baddha
→ Bengali: বদ্ধ (boddho)
→ Gujarati: બદ્ધ (baddh)
→ Hindi: बद्ध (baddh)
→ Kannada: ಬದ್ಧ (baddha)
→ Malayalam: ബദ്ധം (baddhaṁ)
→ Marathi: बद्ध (baddha)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “बद्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 719/3, 720/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 208