मिश्र

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मिश्र (miśra).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /mɪʃ.ɾᵊ/

Adjective

मिश्र • (miśra) (indeclinable)

1. mixed, assorted, heterogeneous
2. compound

   मिश्र वाक्य ― miśra vākya ― compound sentence

Derived terms

• मिश्रण (miśraṇ)

Proper noun

मिश्र • (miśra) m or f by sense

1. a surname from Sanskrit, equivalent to English Mishra, used by Brahmins

Declension

NOTE: This term is declined masculine or feminine according to the gender of the referent.

Declension of मिश्र (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मिश्र miśra	मिश्र miśra
oblique	मिश्र miśra	मिश्रों miśrõ
vocative	मिश्र miśra	मिश्रो miśro

Declension of मिश्र (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मिश्र miśra	मिश्रें miśrẽ
oblique	मिश्र miśra	मिश्रों miśrõ
vocative	मिश्र miśra	मिश्रो miśro

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• মিশ্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬶᬰ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• মিশ্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰰𑰫𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀺𑀰𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• မိၐြ (Burmese script)
• મિશ્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਮਿਸ਼੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑌿𑌶𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦶꦯꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂱𑂬𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಮಿಶ್ರ (Kannada script)
• មិឝ្រ (Khmer script)
• ມິຨ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• മിശ്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᡳᡧᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘱𑘫𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠢᠱᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧒𑧋𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐶𑐱𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ମିଶ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢪꢶꢯ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆴𑆯𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖰𑖫𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• මිශ්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩑𑩿 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚮𑚧𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• மிஶ்ர (Tamil script)
• మిశ్ర (Telugu script)
• มิศฺร (Thai script)
• མི་ཤྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒱𑒬𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨁𑨮𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *mey-?

Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *mićrás

Sanskrit मि॒श्र

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *miśrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mićrás, from Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-ró-s (“mixed, mingled”), from *meyḱ- (“to mix”). Cognate with Lithuanian mi̇̀šras (“mixed”), Latin misceō (“to mix”), Ancient Greek μῐ́σγω (mĭ́sgō), Old English miscian (whence English mix), as well as the Sanskrit root मिक्ष् (mikṣ, “to mix”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /miɕ.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /miɕ.ɾɐ/

Adjective

मि॒श्र • (miśrá) stem

1. mixed; mingled; blended
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मि॒श्र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मि॒श्रः (miśráḥ)	मि॒श्रौ (miśráu) मि॒श्रा¹ (miśrā́¹)	मि॒श्राः (miśrā́ḥ) मि॒श्रासः॑¹ (miśrā́saḥ¹)
accusative	मि॒श्रम् (miśrám)	मि॒श्रौ (miśráu) मि॒श्रा¹ (miśrā́¹)	मि॒श्रान् (miśrā́n)
instrumental	मि॒श्रेण॑ (miśréṇa)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्रैः (miśráiḥ) मि॒श्रेभिः॑¹ (miśrébhiḥ¹)
dative	मि॒श्राय॑ (miśrā́ya)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्रेभ्यः॑ (miśrébhyaḥ)
ablative	मि॒श्रात् (miśrā́t)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्रेभ्यः॑ (miśrébhyaḥ)
genitive	मि॒श्रस्य॑ (miśrásya)	मि॒श्रयोः॑ (miśráyoḥ)	मि॒श्राणा॑म् (miśrā́ṇām)
locative	मि॒श्रे (miśré)	मि॒श्रयोः॑ (miśráyoḥ)	मि॒श्रेषु॑ (miśréṣu)
vocative	मिश्र॑ (míśra)	मिश्रौ॑ (míśrau) मिश्रा॑¹ (míśrā¹)	मिश्राः॑ (míśrāḥ) मिश्रा॑सः¹ (míśrāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of मि॒श्रा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मि॒श्रा (miśrā́)	मि॒श्रे (miśré)	मि॒श्राः (miśrā́ḥ)
accusative	मि॒श्राम् (miśrā́m)	मि॒श्रे (miśré)	मि॒श्राः (miśrā́ḥ)
instrumental	मि॒श्रया॑ (miśráyā) मि॒श्रा¹ (miśrā́¹)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्राभिः॑ (miśrā́bhiḥ)
dative	मि॒श्रायै॑ (miśrā́yai)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्राभ्यः॑ (miśrā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	मि॒श्रायाः॑ (miśrā́yāḥ) मि॒श्रायै॑² (miśrā́yai²)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्राभ्यः॑ (miśrā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	मि॒श्रायाः॑ (miśrā́yāḥ) मि॒श्रायै॑² (miśrā́yai²)	मि॒श्रयोः॑ (miśráyoḥ)	मि॒श्राणा॑म् (miśrā́ṇām)
locative	मि॒श्राया॑म् (miśrā́yām)	मि॒श्रयोः॑ (miśráyoḥ)	मि॒श्रासु॑ (miśrā́su)
vocative	मिश्रे॑ (míśre)	मिश्रे॑ (míśre)	मिश्राः॑ (míśrāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of मि॒श्र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मि॒श्रम् (miśrám)	मि॒श्रे (miśré)	मि॒श्राणि॑ (miśrā́ṇi) मि॒श्रा¹ (miśrā́¹)
accusative	मि॒श्रम् (miśrám)	मि॒श्रे (miśré)	मि॒श्राणि॑ (miśrā́ṇi) मि॒श्रा¹ (miśrā́¹)
instrumental	मि॒श्रेण॑ (miśréṇa)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्रैः (miśráiḥ) मि॒श्रेभिः॑¹ (miśrébhiḥ¹)
dative	मि॒श्राय॑ (miśrā́ya)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्रेभ्यः॑ (miśrébhyaḥ)
ablative	मि॒श्रात् (miśrā́t)	मि॒श्राभ्या॑म् (miśrā́bhyām)	मि॒श्रेभ्यः॑ (miśrébhyaḥ)
genitive	मि॒श्रस्य॑ (miśrásya)	मि॒श्रयोः॑ (miśráyoḥ)	मि॒श्राणा॑म् (miśrā́ṇām)
locative	मि॒श्रे (miśré)	मि॒श्रयोः॑ (miśráyoḥ)	मि॒श्रेषु॑ (miśréṣu)
vocative	मिश्र॑ (míśra)	मिश्रे॑ (míśre)	मिश्रा॑णि (míśrāṇi) मिश्रा॑¹ (míśrā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Borrowed terms

• → Hindi: मिश्र (miśra)
• → Sinhalese: මිශ්‍ර (miśra)
• → Telugu: మిశ్రము (miśramu)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (miẓ, “beginning, joined”)
  • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (miẓ, “beginning, joined”)
  • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (miẓ, “beginning, joined”)
  • Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (miẓ, “beginning, joined”)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: මුසු (musu), මුහු (muhu)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (missa), 𑀫𑀻𑀲 (mīsa)
  • Assamese: মিহ (mih)
  • Bengali: মেশা (meśa)
  • Odia: ମିସା (misā)
• Pali: missa
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (missa), 𑀫𑀻𑀲 (mīsa)
  • Hindi: मिस्सा (missā)
  • Nepali: मिस (mis, “mixing, mixture”), मास (mās, “mixing, mixture”)
  • Punjabi: ਮਿੱਸਾ (missā, “made of mixed grains”), ਮਿੱਸ (missa, “mixture of two grains in a crop”)
  • Sindhi: मिसो (miso, “made of mixed grains”)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “मिश्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 817, column 3.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “miśrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 583