misceo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *mikskō (“to mix”), from Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-sḱé-, inchoative present of *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix”). The second conjugation of this verb is unexplained. The u-perfect of this verb is also unusual; it may have replaced an earlier form *misxī.

Cognate with Old High German miskian, miskan (“to mix”) (German mischen), Welsh mysgu (“to mix”), Ancient Greek μῐ́σγω (mĭ́sgō, “to mix”), Old Church Slavonic мѣсити (měsiti, “to mix”), Lithuanian mišti and maišyti (“to mix”), Sanskrit मिश्र (miśra, “mixed”), Persian آمیختن (âmixtan, “mix”); Old English māsc (“mixture, mash”). More at mash.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈmɪs.ke.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈmiʃ.ʃe.o]

Verb

misceō (present infinitive miscēre, perfect active miscuī, supine mixtum or mistum); second conjugation

1. to mix; to mingle; to intermingle

   Synonyms: commisceō, cōnfundō

   Pōculum complēvit et hausit. Aquam et vīnum miscuit. Collāpsus est. ― He filled and drew a cup. He mixed water and wine. He sank down.

2. to unite; to combine; to share; to associate
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.14.13:

     Rīsus dolōre miscēbitur, et extrēma gaudiī lūctus occupat

     Laughter shall be mingled with sorrow, and mourning taketh hold of the end of joy.
     (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

3. (poetic) of a disturbance of the natural order, as a storm: to disturb, to throw into confusion, to confuse, confound, embroil
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.133–134:

     “Iam caelum terramque meō sine nūmine, ventī,
     miscēre, et tantās audētis tollere mōlēs?”

     “Now heaven and earth – without my divine assent, you winds! – you dare to disturb, and raise such swells [of seawater]?”
     (Neptune upbraids the winds.)

4. to throw into confusion; to disturb; to confound; to embroil
5. to raise a great commotion; to make a large disturbance; to move heaven and earth

Conjugation

• The fourth principal part may be mixtum or mistum.

   Conjugation of misceō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	misceō		miscēs		miscet		miscēmus		miscētis		miscent
	imperfect	miscēbam		miscēbās		miscēbat		miscēbāmus		miscēbātis		miscēbant
	future	miscēbō		miscēbis		miscēbit		miscēbimus		miscēbitis		miscēbunt
	perfect	miscuī		miscuistī		miscuit		miscuimus		miscuistis		miscuērunt, miscuēre
	pluperfect	miscueram		miscuerās		miscuerat		miscuerāmus		miscuerātis		miscuerant
	future perfect	miscuerō		miscueris		miscuerit		miscuerimus		miscueritis		miscuerint
passive	present	misceor		miscēris, miscēre		miscētur		miscēmur		miscēminī		miscentur
	imperfect	miscēbar		miscēbāris, miscēbāre		miscēbātur		miscēbāmur		miscēbāminī		miscēbantur
	future	miscēbor		miscēberis, miscēbere		miscēbitur		miscēbimur		miscēbiminī		miscēbuntur
	perfect	mixtus or mistus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	mixtus or mistus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	mixtus or mistus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	misceam		misceās		misceat		misceāmus		misceātis		misceant
	imperfect	miscērem		miscērēs		miscēret		miscērēmus		miscērētis		miscērent
	perfect	miscuerim		miscuerīs		miscuerit		miscuerīmus		miscuerītis		miscuerint
	pluperfect	miscuissem		miscuissēs		miscuisset		miscuissēmus		miscuissētis		miscuissent
passive	present	miscear		misceāris, misceāre		misceātur		misceāmur		misceāminī		misceantur
	imperfect	miscērer		miscērēris, miscērēre		miscērētur		miscērēmur		miscērēminī		miscērentur
	perfect	mixtus or mistus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	mixtus or mistus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		miscē		—		—		miscēte		—
	future	—		miscētō		miscētō		—		miscētōte		miscentō
passive	present	—		miscēre		—		—		miscēminī		—
	future	—		miscētor		miscētor		—		—		miscentor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		miscēre			miscērī, miscērier1			miscēns			—
future		mixtūrum esse, mistūrum esse			mixtum īrī, mistum īrī			mixtūrus, mistūrus			miscendus
perfect		miscuisse			mixtum esse, mistum esse			—			mixtus, mistus
future perfect		—			mixtum fore, mistum fore			—			—
perfect potential		mixtūrum fuisse, mistūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		miscendī		miscendō		miscendum		miscendō		mixtum, mistum		mixtū, mistū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• admisceō
• ammisceō
• commisceō
• commiscuus
• ēmisceō
• immisceō
• impermisceō
• imprōmiscuus
• intermisceō
• miscellānea
• miscellāneus
• miscelliō
• miscelliōnēs
• miscellus
• miscīx, mixcīx
• misculō
• mistārius, mixtārius
• mistē, mixtē
• mistīcius, mixtīcius
• mistim, mixtim
• mistiō, mixtiō
• mistōrius, mixtōrius
• mistūra, mixtūra
• mistūrātus, mixtūrātus
• mistus, mixtus
• permisceō
• prōmisceō
• prōmiscuus
• remisceō
• supermisceō

Descendants

• Aromanian: mescu, meashtiri
• Asturian: mecer, entemecer
• Galician: mexer
• Italian: mescere
• Portuguese: mexer, mesclar
• Romanian: mește, mișca
• Sicilian: mèsciri, ammiscari
• Spanish: mecer, mezclar
• Venetan: misciar, misiar
• Walloon: maxhî

References

• “misceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “misceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “misceo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to cause universal disorder: omnia turbare ac miscere
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 382-383
• misceo, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011