युग
See also: योग
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit युग (yugá). Doublet of जुग (jug).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]युग • (yug) m (Urdu spelling یگ)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | युग yug |
युग yug |
| oblique | युग yug |
युगों yugõ |
| vocative | युग yug |
युगो yugo |
Related terms
[edit]- योग (yog)
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Noun
[edit]युग n
- Devanagari script form of yuga (“pair; generation”)
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "युग" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | युगं (yugaṃ) | युगानि (yugāni) |
| Accusative (second) | युगं (yugaṃ) | युगानि (yugāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | युगेन (yugena) | युगेहि (yugehi) or युगेभि (yugebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | युगस्स (yugassa) or युगाय (yugāya) or युगत्थं (yugatthaṃ) | युगानं (yugānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | युगस्मा (yugasmā) or युगम्हा (yugamhā) or युगा (yugā) | युगेहि (yugehi) or युगेभि (yugebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | युगस्स (yugassa) | युगानं (yugānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | युगस्मिं (yugasmiṃ) or युगम्हि (yugamhi) or युगे (yuge) | युगेसु (yugesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | युग (yuga) | युगानि (yugāni) |
Noun
[edit]युग m
- Devanagari script form of yuga (“yoke”)
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "युग" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | युगो (yugo) | युगा (yugā) |
| Accusative (second) | युगं (yugaṃ) | युगे (yuge) |
| Instrumental (third) | युगेन (yugena) | युगेहि (yugehi) or युगेभि (yugebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | युगस्स (yugassa) or युगाय (yugāya) or युगत्थं (yugatthaṃ) | युगानं (yugānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | युगस्मा (yugasmā) or युगम्हा (yugamhā) or युगा (yugā) | युगेहि (yugehi) or युगेभि (yugebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | युगस्स (yugassa) | युगानं (yugānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | युगस्मिं (yugasmiṃ) or युगम्हि (yugamhi) or युगे (yuge) | युगेसु (yugesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | युग (yuga) | युगा (yugā) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- যুগ (Assamese script)
- ᬬᬸᬕ (Balinese script)
- যুগ (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰲𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀼𑀕 (Brahmi script)
- ယုဂ (Burmese script)
- યુગ (Gujarati script)
- ਯੁਗ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌯𑍁𑌗 (Grantha script)
- ꦪꦸꦒ (Javanese script)
- 𑂨𑂳𑂏 (Kaithi script)
- ಯುಗ (Kannada script)
- យុគ (Khmer script)
- ຍຸຄ (Lao script)
- യുഗ (Malayalam script)
- ᠶᡠᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘧𑘳𑘐 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠤᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧇𑧔𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐸𑐐 (Newa script)
- ଯୁଗ (Odia script)
- ꢫꢸꢔ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆶𑆓 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖲𑖐 (Siddham script)
- යුග (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩻𑩒𑩞 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚣𑚰𑚌 (Takri script)
- யுக³ (Tamil script)
- యుగ (Telugu script)
- ยุค (Thai script)
- ཡུ་ག (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒳𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨪𑨃𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yugám, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yuua), Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón), Latin iugum, Old English ġeoc (whence English yoke). The Sanskrit root is युज् (yuj).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]युग • (yugá) stem, n
- (literally) yoke
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.53.17:
- स्थि॒रौ गावौ॑ भवतां वी॒ळुरक्षो॒ मेषा वि व॑र्हि॒ मा यु॒गं वि शा॑रि।
इन्द्रः॑ पात॒ल्ये॑ ददतां॒ शरी॑तो॒ररि॑ष्टनेमे अ॒भि नः॑ सचस्व॥- sthiráu gā́vau bhavatāṃ vīḷúrákṣo méṣā́ ví varhi mā́ yugáṃ ví śāri.
índraḥ pātalyè dadatāṃ śárītoráriṣṭaneme abhí naḥ sacasva. - Strong be the pair of oxen, firm the axles, let not the pole slip nor the yoke be broken.
May Indra, keep the yoke-pins from decaying: attend us, thou whose fellies are uninjured.
- sthiráu gā́vau bhavatāṃ vīḷúrákṣo méṣā́ ví varhi mā́ yugáṃ ví śāri.
- स्थि॒रौ गावौ॑ भवतां वी॒ळुरक्षो॒ मेषा वि व॑र्हि॒ मा यु॒गं वि शा॑रि।
- brace
- pair, couple, team (especially of animals)
- a race of men, generation
- a period or astronomical cycle of 5 (rarely 6) years, a lustrum (especially in the cycle of Jupiter)
- an age of the world, long mundane period of years, an eon, era
- c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā IV.8:
- परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम्।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे॥- paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām.
dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge. - To deliver the pious and destroy the miscreants and to reestablish Dharma, I appear eon after eon.
- paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām.
- परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम्।
- a measure of length
- name of a particular position or configuration of the moon
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | युगम् (yugám) | युगे (yugé) | युगानि (yugā́ni) युगा¹ (yugā́¹) |
| accusative | युगम् (yugám) | युगे (yugé) | युगानि (yugā́ni) युगा¹ (yugā́¹) |
| instrumental | युगेन (yugéna) | युगाभ्याम् (yugā́bhyām) | युगैः (yugáiḥ) युगेभिः¹ (yugébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | युगाय (yugā́ya) | युगाभ्याम् (yugā́bhyām) | युगेभ्यः (yugébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | युगात् (yugā́t) | युगाभ्याम् (yugā́bhyām) | युगेभ्यः (yugébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | युगस्य (yugásya) | युगयोः (yugáyoḥ) | युगानाम् (yugā́nām) |
| locative | युगे (yugé) | युगयोः (yugáyoḥ) | युगेषु (yugéṣu) |
| vocative | युग (yúga) | युगे (yúge) | युगानि (yúgāni) युगा¹ (yúgā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
[edit]- योग (yóga)
Descendants
[edit]- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali: জোয়াল (jōẇal)
- Dardic:
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀼𑀅 (jua)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- → Bengali: যুগ (jug)
- → Hindustani:
- → Malayalam: യുഗം (yugaṁ)
- → Marathi: युग (yug)
- → Nepali: युग (yug)
- → Odia: ଯୁଗ (juga)
- → Old Javanese: yuga
- → Punjabi:
- → Tamil: யுகம் (yukam), உகம் (ukam), நுகம் (nukam)
- → Telugu: యుగము (yugamu)
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “युग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 854.
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yewg-
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root युज्
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Devanagari script
- Pali neuter nouns
- Pali masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yewg-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root युज्
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -अ
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns