योग

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See also: युग

Hindi

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Etymology

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    Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    योग • (yog) m (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism)

    1. yoga (discipline aiming to train the consciousness)
      मैं प्रतिदिन प्रातः योग करता हूँ।
      ma͠i pratidin prātaḥ yog kartā hū̃.
      I do yoga every morning.
      अमृत योग ― amŕt yog ― "Immortal Yoga"; kind of yoga
      • Manish Verma (2017) योग से जीवन को स्वस्थ बनाएं [yog se jīvan ko svasth banāẽ]
        भारतीय दर्शन में योग एक अति महत्वपूर्ण शब्द है।
        bhārtīya darśan mẽ yog ek ati mahatvapūrṇ śabd hai.
        In the Indian context, yoga is a very important word.
      1. meditation
        Synonym: ध्यान (dhyān)
      2. oneness with Brahma; enlightenment
    2. use, utilization
      Synonyms: उपयोग (upyog), प्रयोग (prayog), इस्तेमाल (istemāl)
      1. benefit
        Synonym: लाभ (lābh)
    3. combination, mixture
      Synonyms: जोड़ (joṛ), मेल (mel), संयोग (sãyog), मिलन (milan)
    4. (mathematics) total, sum
      ४ और ३ का योग ७ है। ― 4 aur 3 kā yog 7 hai. ― 4 + 3 = 7
      Synonym: जोड़ (joṛ)
    5. method, way, path
      ज्ञान योग ― jñān yog ― path to knowledge; concept in Advaita Vedanta school of Hinduism
    6. contribution, help
    7. (astrology) auspicious occasion

    Declension

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    Declension of योग (masc cons-stem)
    singular plural
    direct योग
    yog     		योग
    yog
    oblique योग
    yog     		योगों
    yogõ
    vocative योग
    yog     		योगो
    yogo

    Derived terms

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    Sanskrit

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    Alternative scripts

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    Alternative scripts

    Etymology

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      From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yówgos, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”). Compare the verbal root युनक्ति (yunákti, “to yoke”), युग (yugá) (< *yugóm), योगस् (yógas) (< *yéwgos). Cognate with English yoke.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      योग • (yóga) stem, m

      1. Yoga, a group of mental and physical practises
      2. the act of yoking, joining, attaching, harnessing, putting to (of horses)
        • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.39.12:
          आ तेन॑ यातं॒ मन॑सो॒ जवी॑यसा॒ रथं॒ यं वा॑मृ॒भव॑श्च॒क्रुर॑श्विना।
          यस्य॒ योगे॑ दुहि॒ता जाय॑ते दि॒व उ॒भे अह॑नी सु॒दिने॑ वि॒वस्व॑तः॥
          ā́ téna yātaṃ mánaso jávīyasā ráthaṃ yáṃ vāmṛbhávaścakrúraśvinā.
          yásya yóge duhitā́ jā́yate divá ubhé áhanī sudíne vivásvataḥ.
          Come on that chariot which the Rbhus made for you, the chariot Aśvins, that is speedier than thought, at harnessing whereof heaven's daughter springs to birth and from Vivasvat come auspicious night and day.
      3. yoke, team, vehicle, conveyance
      4. employment, use, application, performance
      5. equipping or arraying (of an army)
      6. fixing (of an arrow on the bow-string)
      7. putting on (of armour)
      8. remedy, cure
      9. means, expedient, device, way, manner, method
      10. supernatural means, charm, incantation, magical art
      11. trick, stratagem, fraud, deceit (compare yoga-nanda)
      12. undertaking, business, work
      13. acquisition, gain, profit, wealth, property
      14. occasion, opportunity
      15. any junction, union, combination, contact with (+instrumental with or without सह (sahá), or compound)
        योगम् (yogam) एति (eti) — to agree, consent, acquiesce in anything
      16. mixing of various materials, mixture
      17. partaking of, possessing (instrumental or compound)
      18. connection, relation (योगात् (yógāt), योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yógatas) at the end of a compound: in consequence of, on account of, by reason of, according to, through)
      19. putting together, arrangement, disposition, regular succession
      20. fitting together, fitness, propriety, suitability
        योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yógatas) — suitably, fitly, duly, in the right manner
      21. exertion, endeavour, zeal, diligence, industry, care, attention
        योगतस् (yógatas) — strenuously, assiduously
        पूर्णेन योगेन (pūrṇena yogena) — with all one's powers, with overflowing zeal
      22. yoga: application or concentration of the thoughts, abstract contemplation, meditation, (especially) self-concentration, abstract meditation and mental abstraction practised as a system
      23. any simple act or rite conducive to yoga or abstract meditation
      24. Yoga personified (as the son of Dharma and Kriya)
      25. a follower of the yoga system
      26. (in samkhya) the union of soul with matter (one of the 10 मूलिकअर्था (mūlikaarthā)s or radical facts)
      27. (with पाशुपत (pāśupata)s) the union of the individual soul with the universal soul
      28. (with पाञ्चरात्र (pāñcarātra)s) devotion, pious seeking after God
      29. (with जैन (jaina)s) contact or mixing with the outer world
      30. (astronomy) conjunction, lucky conjuncture
      31. (astronomy) a constellation, asterism (these, with the moon, are called चान्द्रयोगाः (cāndrayogāḥ) and are 13 in number; without the moon they are called खयोगाः (khayogāḥ), or नाभसयोगाः (nābhasayogāḥ))
      32. (astronomy) the leading or principal star of a lunar asterism
      33. (astronomy) name of a variable division of time (during which the joint motion in longitude of the sun and moon amounts to 13 degrees 20 minutes; there are 27 such yogas beginning with विष्कम्भ (viṣkambha) and ending with वैधृति (vaidhṛti))
      34. (arithmetic) addition, sum, total
      35. (grammar) the connection of words together, syntactical dependence of a word, construction (at the end of a compound = dependent on, ruled by)
      36. (grammar) a combined or concentrated grammatical rule or aphorism
      37. the connection of a word with its root, original or etymological meaning (as opposed to रूढि (rūḍhi))
      38. violator of confidence, spy
      39. name of a scholiast or commentator on the परमार्थसार (paramārthasāra)

      Declension

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      Masculine a-stem declension of योग (yóga)
      Singular Dual Plural
      Nominative योगः
      yógaḥ       		योगौ / योगा¹
      yógau / yógā¹       		योगाः / योगासः¹
      yógāḥ / yógāsaḥ¹
      Vocative योग
      yóga       		योगौ / योगा¹
      yógau / yógā¹       		योगाः / योगासः¹
      yógāḥ / yógāsaḥ¹
      Accusative योगम्
      yógam       		योगौ / योगा¹
      yógau / yógā¹       		योगान्
      yógān
      Instrumental योगेन
      yógena       		योगाभ्याम्
      yógābhyām       		योगैः / योगेभिः¹
      yógaiḥ / yógebhiḥ¹
      Dative योगाय
      yógāya       		योगाभ्याम्
      yógābhyām       		योगेभ्यः
      yógebhyaḥ
      Ablative योगात्
      yógāt       		योगाभ्याम्
      yógābhyām       		योगेभ्यः
      yógebhyaḥ
      Genitive योगस्य
      yógasya       		योगयोः
      yógayoḥ       		योगानाम्
      yógānām
      Locative योगे
      yóge       		योगयोः
      yógayoḥ       		योगेषु
      yógeṣu
      Notes
      • ¹Vedic

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      • → Assamese: যো (zü)
      • → English: yoga
      • → Old Javanese: yoga, yuga (see there for further descendants)
      • → Hindi: योग (yog)
      • → Odia: ଯୋଗ (joga)
      • → Tamil: யோகம் (yōkam) (learned)
      • → Telugu: యోగము (yōgamu) (learned)

      References

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      • Monier Williams (1899) “योग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 856/2.
      • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 417
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