Jump to content

रात्रि

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Hindi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

    Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रात्रि॑ (rā́tri). Doublet of रात (rāt).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɾɑːt̪.ɾiː/, [ɾäːt̪.ɾiː]

    Noun

    [edit]

    रात्रि (rātrif

    1. night
      Synonyms: रात (rāt), निशा (niśā), रजनी (rajnī)

    Declension

    [edit]

    Sanskrit

    [edit]

    Alternative scripts

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

      Attested from the Middle Vedic period onwards, the term arose as a dialectal variant of an older रात्री (rā́trī). The Rigveda only attests रात्री (rā́trī) but the Vedic texts that came after the Rigveda attest both the variants. In Classical Sanskrit literature, only रात्रि (rātri) is attested and all the Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are formally descended from this variant, suggesting that the older form रात्री (rā́trī) completely fell out of use by the end of the Vedic period.

      Although not common, variations of a similar nature have also been observed in नारी (nā́rī) ~ नारि (nā́ri) and नप्ती (naptī́) ~ नप्ति (naptí). The presence of such alteration in other languages (see नप्ति (napti)) suggests that such variants with shortened vowels are not completely unetymological and may have existed as dialectal variants in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. For further etymology and cognates, see रात्री (rā́trī).

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      रात्रि॑ (rā́tri) stemf

      1. night
        Synonyms: see Thesaurus:रात्रि
        • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 16.7:
          यददोअदो अभ्यगछं यद्दोषा यत्पूर्वां रात्रिम्
          यज्जाग्रद्यत्सुप्तो यद्दिवा यन् नक्तम् ॥
          यदहरहरभिगछामि तस्मादेनमव दये ॥
          तं जहि तेन मन्दस्व तस्य पृष्टीरपि शृणीहि ॥
          स मा जीवीत्तं प्राणो जहातु ॥
          yadadoado abhyagachaṃ yaddoṣā yatpūrvāṃ rātrim.
          yajjāgradyatsupto yaddivā yan naktam.
          yadaharaharabhigachāmi tasmādenamava daye.
          taṃ jahi tena mandasva tasya pṛṣṭīrapi śṛṇīhi.
          sa mā jīvīttaṃ prāṇo jahātu.
          Whatever [enemy] I have met with, whether at dusk or during early night,
          Whether waking or sleeping, whether by day or by night.
          Whether I meet with it day by day, from that do I bribe him away.
          Slay him; rejoice in this; crush his ribs.
          Let him not live. Let the breath of life forsake him.

      Declension

      [edit]
      Feminine i-stem declension of रात्रि (rā́tri)
      Singular Dual Plural
      Nominative रात्रिः
      rā́triḥ
      रात्री
      rā́trī
      रात्रयः
      rā́trayaḥ
      Vocative रात्रे
      rā́tre
      रात्री
      rā́trī
      रात्रयः
      rā́trayaḥ
      Accusative रात्रिम्
      rā́trim
      रात्री
      rā́trī
      रात्रीः
      rā́trīḥ
      Instrumental रात्र्या / रात्री¹
      rā́tryā / rā́trī¹
      रात्रिभ्याम्
      rā́tribhyām
      रात्रिभिः
      rā́tribhiḥ
      Dative रात्रये / रात्र्यै² / रात्री¹
      rā́traye / rā́tryai² / rā́trī¹
      रात्रिभ्याम्
      rā́tribhyām
      रात्रिभ्यः
      rā́tribhyaḥ
      Ablative रात्रेः / रात्र्याः² / रात्र्यै³
      rā́treḥ / rā́tryāḥ² / rā́tryai³
      रात्रिभ्याम्
      rā́tribhyām
      रात्रिभ्यः
      rā́tribhyaḥ
      Genitive रात्रेः / रात्र्याः² / रात्र्यै³
      rā́treḥ / rā́tryāḥ² / rā́tryai³
      रात्र्योः
      rā́tryoḥ
      रात्रीणाम्
      rā́trīṇām
      Locative रात्रौ / रात्र्याम्² / रात्रा¹
      rā́trau / rā́tryām² / rā́trā¹
      रात्र्योः
      rā́tryoḥ
      रात्रिषु
      rā́triṣu
      Notes
      • ¹Vedic
      • ²Later Sanskrit
      • ³Brāhmaṇas

      Descendants

      [edit]
      Borrowed terms

      See also

      [edit]

      References

      [edit]