रुधिर

See also: रोध्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰুধিৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬸᬥᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
• রুধির (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰲𑰠𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀼𑀥𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ရုဓိရ (Burmese script)
• રુધિર (Gujarati script)
• ਰੁਧਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑍁𑌧𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦸꦣꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂳𑂡𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ರುಧಿರ (Kannada script)
• រុធិរ (Khmer script)
• ຣຸຘິຣ (Lao script)
• രുധിര (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᡠᢡᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘳𑘠𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠤᢑᠾᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑧔𑧀𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐸𑐢𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
• ରୁଧିର (Odia script)
• ꢬꢸꢤꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆶𑆣𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖲𑖠𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
• රුධිර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩒𑩮𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚰𑚜𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
• ருதி⁴ர (Tamil script)
• రుధిర (Telugu script)
• รุธิร (Thai script)
• རུ་དྷི་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒳𑒡𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨃𑨜𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀- (raoⁱδita-), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós) Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Old Church Slavonic рудъ (rudŭ), Lithuanian raúdas, Old English rēad (whence English red).

The epenthesis of -i- from expected *rudhrá is due to influence by रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾu.dʱi.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɾu.d̪ʱi.ɾɐ/

Adjective

रु॒धि॒र • (rudhirá) stem

1. red, blood-red, bloody

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रु॒धि॒र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रु॒धि॒रः (rudhiráḥ)	रु॒धि॒रौ (rudhiráu) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रु॒धि॒राः (rudhirā́ḥ) रु॒धि॒रासः॑¹ (rudhirā́saḥ¹)
accusative	रु॒धि॒रम् (rudhirám)	रु॒धि॒रौ (rudhiráu) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रु॒धि॒रान् (rudhirā́n)
instrumental	रु॒धि॒रेण॑ (rudhiréṇa)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रैः (rudhiráiḥ) रु॒धि॒रेभिः॑¹ (rudhirébhiḥ¹)
dative	रु॒धि॒राय॑ (rudhirā́ya)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रेभ्यः॑ (rudhirébhyaḥ)
ablative	रु॒धि॒रात् (rudhirā́t)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रेभ्यः॑ (rudhirébhyaḥ)
genitive	रु॒धि॒रस्य॑ (rudhirásya)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒राणा॑म् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒रेषु॑ (rudhiréṣu)
vocative	रुधि॑र (rúdhira)	रुधि॑रौ (rúdhirau) रुधि॑रा¹ (rúdhirā¹)	रुधि॑राः (rúdhirāḥ) रुधि॑रासः¹ (rúdhirāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of रु॒धि॒रा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रु॒धि॒रा (rudhirā́)	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒राः (rudhirā́ḥ)
accusative	रु॒धि॒राम् (rudhirā́m)	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒राः (rudhirā́ḥ)
instrumental	रु॒धि॒रया॑ (rudhiráyā) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒राभिः॑ (rudhirā́bhiḥ)
dative	रु॒धि॒रायै॑ (rudhirā́yai)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒राभ्यः॑ (rudhirā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	रु॒धि॒रायाः॑ (rudhirā́yāḥ) रु॒धि॒रायै॑² (rudhirā́yai²)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒राभ्यः॑ (rudhirā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	रु॒धि॒रायाः॑ (rudhirā́yāḥ) रु॒धि॒रायै॑² (rudhirā́yai²)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒राणा॑म् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रु॒धि॒राया॑म् (rudhirā́yām)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒रासु॑ (rudhirā́su)
vocative	रुधि॑रे (rúdhire)	रुधि॑रे (rúdhire)	रुधि॑राः (rúdhirāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of रु॒धि॒र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रु॒धि॒रम् (rudhirám)	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒राणि॑ (rudhirā́ṇi) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)
accusative	रु॒धि॒रम् (rudhirám)	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒राणि॑ (rudhirā́ṇi) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)
instrumental	रु॒धि॒रेण॑ (rudhiréṇa)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रैः (rudhiráiḥ) रु॒धि॒रेभिः॑¹ (rudhirébhiḥ¹)
dative	रु॒धि॒राय॑ (rudhirā́ya)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रेभ्यः॑ (rudhirébhyaḥ)
ablative	रु॒धि॒रात् (rudhirā́t)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रेभ्यः॑ (rudhirébhyaḥ)
genitive	रु॒धि॒रस्य॑ (rudhirásya)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒राणा॑म् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒रेषु॑ (rudhiréṣu)
vocative	रुधि॑र (rúdhira)	रुधि॑रे (rúdhire)	रुधि॑राणि (rúdhirāṇi) रुधि॑रा¹ (rúdhirā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• रुधिरोद्गारिन् (rudhirodgārin)

Noun

रु॒धि॒र • (rudhirá) stem, m

1. the bloodred planet or Mars
2. a kind of precious stone (compare रुधिराख्य (rudhirā*khya))

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रु॒धि॒र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रु॒धि॒रः (rudhiráḥ)	रु॒धि॒रौ (rudhiráu) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रु॒धि॒राः (rudhirā́ḥ) रु॒धि॒रासः॑¹ (rudhirā́saḥ¹)
accusative	रु॒धि॒रम् (rudhirám)	रु॒धि॒रौ (rudhiráu) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रु॒धि॒रान् (rudhirā́n)
instrumental	रु॒धि॒रेण॑ (rudhiréṇa)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रैः (rudhiráiḥ) रु॒धि॒रेभिः॑¹ (rudhirébhiḥ¹)
dative	रु॒धि॒राय॑ (rudhirā́ya)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रेभ्यः॑ (rudhirébhyaḥ)
ablative	रु॒धि॒रात् (rudhirā́t)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रेभ्यः॑ (rudhirébhyaḥ)
genitive	रु॒धि॒रस्य॑ (rudhirásya)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒राणा॑म् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒रेषु॑ (rudhiréṣu)
vocative	रुधि॑र (rúdhira)	रुधि॑रौ (rúdhirau) रुधि॑रा¹ (rúdhirā¹)	रुधि॑राः (rúdhirāḥ) रुधि॑रासः¹ (rúdhirāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

रु॒धि॒र • (rudhirá) stem, n

1. saffron
2. name of a city

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of रु॒धि॒र

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रु॒धि॒रम् (rudhirám)	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒राणि॑ (rudhirā́ṇi) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)
accusative	रु॒धि॒रम् (rudhirám)	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒राणि॑ (rudhirā́ṇi) रु॒धि॒रा¹ (rudhirā́¹)
instrumental	रु॒धि॒रेण॑ (rudhiréṇa)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रैः (rudhiráiḥ) रु॒धि॒रेभिः॑¹ (rudhirébhiḥ¹)
dative	रु॒धि॒राय॑ (rudhirā́ya)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रेभ्यः॑ (rudhirébhyaḥ)
ablative	रु॒धि॒रात् (rudhirā́t)	रु॒धि॒राभ्या॑म् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रु॒धि॒रेभ्यः॑ (rudhirébhyaḥ)
genitive	रु॒धि॒रस्य॑ (rudhirásya)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒राणा॑म् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रु॒धि॒रे (rudhiré)	रु॒धि॒रयोः॑ (rudhiráyoḥ)	रु॒धि॒रेषु॑ (rudhiréṣu)
vocative	रुधि॑र (rúdhira)	रुधि॑रे (rúdhire)	रुधि॑राणि (rúdhirāṇi) रुधि॑रा¹ (rúdhirā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Bengali: রুধির (rudhir)
• Pali: rudhira
• → Old Javanese: rudhira
  • > Javanese: rudira, ludira (inherited)
  • → Balinese: rudira
• → Tamil: உதிரம் (utiram)
• → Telugu: రుధిరము (rudhiramu) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “रुधिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0884.