सद्

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *sed-. Cognates include Latin sedeō, Old Church Slavonic сѣдѣти (sěděti), Old English sittan (whence English sit).

Pronunciation

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Root

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सद् (sad)

  1. to sit down
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.29.2:
      योनि॒मेक॒ आ स॑साद॒ द्योत॑नो॒ऽन्तर्दे॒वेषु॒ मेधि॑रः॥
      yóniméka ā́ sasāda dyótanoʼntárdevéṣu médhiraḥ.
      One (Agni) intelligent, resplendent among the gods, is seated in his place (the altar).
  2. to sink down, despair, perish

Derived terms

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Primary Verbal Forms
Secondary Forms
Non-Finite Forms
Derived Nominal Forms
Prefixed Root Forms

Adjective

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सद् (sád) stem

  1. sitting or dwelling in

Declension

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Masculine root-stem declension of सद् (sád)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सत्
sát
सदौ / सदा¹
sádau / sádā¹
सदः
sádaḥ
Vocative सत्
sát
सदौ / सदा¹
sádau / sádā¹
सदः
sádaḥ
Accusative सदम्
sádam
सदौ / सदा¹
sádau / sádā¹
सदः
sádaḥ
Instrumental सदा
sadā́
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भिः
sadbhíḥ
Dative सदे
sadé
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भ्यः
sadbhyáḥ
Ablative सदः
sadáḥ
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भ्यः
sadbhyáḥ
Genitive सदः
sadáḥ
सदोः
sadóḥ
सदाम्
sadā́m
Locative सदि
sadí
सदोः
sadóḥ
सत्सु
satsú
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine root-stem declension of सद् (sád)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सत्
sát
सदौ / सदा¹
sádau / sádā¹
सदः
sádaḥ
Vocative सत्
sát
सदौ / सदा¹
sádau / sádā¹
सदः
sádaḥ
Accusative सदम्
sádam
सदौ / सदा¹
sádau / sádā¹
सदः
sádaḥ
Instrumental सदा
sadā́
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भिः
sadbhíḥ
Dative सदे
sadé
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भ्यः
sadbhyáḥ
Ablative सदः
sadáḥ
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भ्यः
sadbhyáḥ
Genitive सदः
sadáḥ
सदोः
sadóḥ
सदाम्
sadā́m
Locative सदि
sadí
सदोः
sadóḥ
सत्सु
satsú
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter root-stem declension of सद् (sád)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सत्
sát
सदी
sadī́
सन्दि
sándi
Vocative सत्
sát
सदी
sádī
सन्दि
sándi
Accusative सत्
sát
सदी
sadī́
सन्दि
sándi
Instrumental सदा
sadā́
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भिः
sadbhíḥ
Dative सदे
sadé
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भ्यः
sadbhyáḥ
Ablative सदः
sadáḥ
सद्भ्याम्
sadbhyā́m
सद्भ्यः
sadbhyáḥ
Genitive सदः
sadáḥ
सदोः
sadóḥ
सदाम्
sadā́m
Locative सदि
sadí
सदोः
sadóḥ
सत्सु
satsú

Derived terms

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References

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  • Monier Williams (1899) “सद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1138, column 2.
  • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 183
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 692-3
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “sad”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.