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सद्

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *sed-. Cognates include Latin sedeō, Old Church Slavonic сѣдѣти (sěděti), Old English sittan (whence English sit).

Pronunciation

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Root

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सद् (sad)

  1. to sit down
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.29.2:
      योनि॒मेक॒ आ स॑साद॒ द्योत॑नो॒ऽन्तर्दे॒वेषु॒ मेधि॑रः॥
      yóniméka ā́ sasāda dyótanoʼntárdevéṣu médhiraḥ.
      One (Agni) intelligent, resplendent among the gods, is seated in his place (the altar).
  2. to sink down, despair, perish

Derived terms

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Primary verbal forms
Secondary forms
Non-finite forms
Derived nominal forms
Prefixed root forms

The aorist असादीत् (asādīt) given by Whitney only occurs once as a misquotation of असादि (asādi) from the Rigveda.[1]

Adjective

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सद् (sád) stem

  1. sitting or dwelling in

Declension

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Masculine root-stem declension of सद्
singular dual plural
nominative सत् (sát) सदौ॑ (sádau)
सदा॑¹ (sádā¹)
सदः॑ (sádaḥ)
accusative सद॑म् (sádam) सदौ॑ (sádau)
सदा॑¹ (sádā¹)
सदः॑ (sádaḥ)
instrumental स॒दा (sadā́) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भिः (sadbhíḥ)
dative स॒दे (sadé) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ)
ablative स॒दः (sadáḥ) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ)
genitive स॒दः (sadáḥ) स॒दोः (sadóḥ) स॒दाम् (sadā́m)
locative स॒दि (sadí) स॒दोः (sadóḥ) स॒त्सु (satsú)
vocative सत् (sát) सदौ॑ (sádau)
सदा॑¹ (sádā¹)
सदः॑ (sádaḥ)
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine root-stem declension of सद्
singular dual plural
nominative सत् (sát) सदौ॑ (sádau)
सदा॑¹ (sádā¹)
सदः॑ (sádaḥ)
accusative सद॑म् (sádam) सदौ॑ (sádau)
सदा॑¹ (sádā¹)
सदः॑ (sádaḥ)
instrumental स॒दा (sadā́) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भिः (sadbhíḥ)
dative स॒दे (sadé) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ)
ablative स॒दः (sadáḥ) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ)
genitive स॒दः (sadáḥ) स॒दोः (sadóḥ) स॒दाम् (sadā́m)
locative स॒दि (sadí) स॒दोः (sadóḥ) स॒त्सु (satsú)
vocative सत् (sát) सदौ॑ (sádau)
सदा॑¹ (sádā¹)
सदः॑ (sádaḥ)
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter root-stem declension of सद्
singular dual plural
nominative सत् (sát) स॒दी (sadī́) सन्दि॑ (sándi)
accusative सत् (sát) स॒दी (sadī́) सन्दि॑ (sándi)
instrumental स॒दा (sadā́) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भिः (sadbhíḥ)
dative स॒दे (sadé) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ)
ablative स॒दः (sadáḥ) स॒द्भ्याम् (sadbhyā́m) स॒द्भ्यः (sadbhyáḥ)
genitive स॒दः (sadáḥ) स॒दोः (sadóḥ) स॒दाम् (sadā́m)
locative स॒दि (sadí) स॒दोः (sadóḥ) स॒त्सु (satsú)
vocative सत् (sát) सदी॑ (sádī) सन्दि॑ (sándi)

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Narten, Johanna (1964), Die sigmatischen Aoriste im Veda (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 263
  • Monier Williams (1899), “सद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1138, column 2.
  • William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 183
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 692-3
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “sad”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.