सरल

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सरल (sarala).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /sə.ɾəl/, [sɐ.ɾɐl]

Adjective

सरल • (saral) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling سرل)

1. easy

   Synonyms: आसान (āsān), सुगम (sugam), सहज (sahaj)

   Antonyms: कठिन (kaṭhin), मुश्किल (muśkil), दुर्गम (durgam)

2. simple, straightforward

   हिंदी भाषा का व्याकरण सरल है।

   hindī bhāṣā kā vyākraṇ saral hai.

   The grammar of Hindi is simple.

3. straight

   Synonym: सीधा (sīdhā)

   रेत में उसने एक सरल रेखा बनाई।

   ret mẽ usne ek saral rekhā banāī.

   He made a straight line in the sand.

Derived terms

• सरलता (saraltā, “simplicity”)
  • सरलतापूर्वक (saraltāpūrvak)
• सरलीकरण (sarlīkraṇ, “simplification”)
• सरल भाषा (saral bhāṣā, “plain language”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “सरल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सरल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “सरल”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Etymology

Probably from सृ (sṛ, “to run, go towards”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ.ɾɐ.lɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ɐ.ɾɐ.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

सरल • (sarala) stem

1. running on, straight (not crooked)
2. outstretched
3. right, correct
4. upright, sincere, candid, honest, artless, simple
5. real (not "sham")
6. Synonym of विगीत (vigīta) L.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सरल (sarala)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सरलः saralaḥ	सरलौ / सरला¹ saralau / saralā¹	सरलाः / सरलासः¹ saralāḥ / saralāsaḥ¹
Vocative	सरल sarala	सरलौ / सरला¹ saralau / saralā¹	सरलाः / सरलासः¹ saralāḥ / saralāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सरलम् saralam	सरलौ / सरला¹ saralau / saralā¹	सरलान् saralān
Instrumental	सरलेन saralena	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलैः / सरलेभिः¹ saralaiḥ / saralebhiḥ¹
Dative	सरलाय saralāya	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलेभ्यः saralebhyaḥ
Ablative	सरलात् saralāt	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलेभ्यः saralebhyaḥ
Genitive	सरलस्य saralasya	सरलयोः saralayoḥ	सरलानाम् saralānām
Locative	सरले sarale	सरलयोः saralayoḥ	सरलेषु saraleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of सरला (saralā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सरला saralā	सरले sarale	सरलाः saralāḥ
Vocative	सरले sarale	सरले sarale	सरलाः saralāḥ
Accusative	सरलाम् saralām	सरले sarale	सरलाः saralāḥ
Instrumental	सरलया / सरला¹ saralayā / saralā¹	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलाभिः saralābhiḥ
Dative	सरलायै saralāyai	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलाभ्यः saralābhyaḥ
Ablative	सरलायाः / सरलायै² saralāyāḥ / saralāyai²	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलाभ्यः saralābhyaḥ
Genitive	सरलायाः / सरलायै² saralāyāḥ / saralāyai²	सरलयोः saralayoḥ	सरलानाम् saralānām
Locative	सरलायाम् saralāyām	सरलयोः saralayoḥ	सरलासु saralāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of सरल (sarala)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सरलम् saralam	सरले sarale	सरलानि / सरला¹ saralāni / saralā¹
Vocative	सरल sarala	सरले sarale	सरलानि / सरला¹ saralāni / saralā¹
Accusative	सरलम् saralam	सरले sarale	सरलानि / सरला¹ saralāni / saralā¹
Instrumental	सरलेन saralena	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलैः / सरलेभिः¹ saralaiḥ / saralebhiḥ¹
Dative	सरलाय saralāya	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलेभ्यः saralebhyaḥ
Ablative	सरलात् saralāt	सरलाभ्याम् saralābhyām	सरलेभ्यः saralebhyaḥ
Genitive	सरलस्य saralasya	सरलयोः saralayoḥ	सरलानाम् saralānām
Locative	सरले sarale	सरलयोः saralayoḥ	सरलेषु saraleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

सरल • (sarala) stem, m

1. a species of pine tree, Pinus roxburghii
2. a kind of bird, the grey peacock-pheasant (Pavo bicalcaratus L., now Polyplectron bicalcaratum)
3. fire
4. a Buddha
5. turpeth (Operculina turpethum L.)
6. name of a river

Noun

सरल • (sarala) stem, n

1. resin of the pine
2. a particular high number

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सरल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1182, column 2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 506
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 443