ḫbꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːbaʀ/ → /ˈχaːbaʀ/ → /χaːbə/ → /χoːβ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːbaʀ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχaːbaʀ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /χaːbə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /χoːβ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛbɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: kheba

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to hack up

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫbꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫbꜣ, geminated stem: ḫbꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫbꜣ	ḫbꜣw, ḫbꜣ	ḫbꜣt	ḫbꜣ	ḫbꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫbꜣ	ḥr ḫbꜣ	m ḫbꜣ	r ḫbꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḫbꜣ.n	ḫbꜣw, ḫbꜣ	consecutive	ḫbꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḫbꜣt
perfective3	ḫbꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḫbꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḫbꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḫbꜣ	ḫbꜣꜣ	potentialis1	ḫbꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḫbꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫbꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḫbꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫbꜣ	ḫbꜣ, ḫbꜣw5, ḫbꜣy5
imperfective	ḫbꜣ, ḫbꜣy, ḫbꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḫbꜣ, ḫbꜣj6, ḫbꜣy6	ḫbꜣ, ḫbꜣw5
prospective	ḫbꜣ, ḫbꜣtj7	—	ḫbꜣtj4, ḫbꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡ (šōp), ϭⲱⲡ (cōp), ϣⲟⲡ (šop), ϭⲟⲡ (cop)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲱⲃ (šōb), ϣⲱϥ (šōf)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 36.