ṭuppum

Akkadian

𒁾𒁍𒌝

Etymology

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet, document”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtˤup.pum/

Noun

ṭuppum m or f (construct state ṭuppi, pronominal state ṭuppa, plural ṭuppū m or ṭuppātum f) (from Old Akkadian on)

1. tablet, document, letter

   Synonym: 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu)

   𒁾𒁀𒄠 𒊭𒁕𒊒𒌝 [ṭuppam šaṭārum] ― ṭup-pá-am ša-ṭa-ru-um ― to write a document

   𒁾𒁀𒄠 𒀀𒈠𒊒𒌝 [ṭuppam amārum] ― ṭup-pá-am a-ma-ru-um ― to read a tablet

   𒁕𒀀𒀀𒉡𒌝 𒌅𒉺𒄠 𒄿𒍣𒅁

   [dayyānum ṭuppam īzib]

   da-a-a-nu-um ṭu₂-pa-am i-zi-ib

   The judge made out a tablet.

Alternative forms

• ṭuppu (non-mimated)
• tuppum, tuppu

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic	Mixed
𒁾 (DUB) 𒅎 (IM) 𒅎𒁾 (IM.DUB) (Old/Middle Assyrian) 𒁾𒁉 (DUB.BI)	𒌅𒌒𒁍 (tu-up-pu) 𒁺𒌒𒁍 (ṭu₃-pu-um)	𒁾𒁍𒌝 (DUB-pu-um) 𒁾𒁍 (DUB-pu)

Derived terms

• bīt ṭuppim (“school”)
• qan ṭupim (“stylus”)

Descendants

• → Arabic: طوبة (ṭawba)
• → Hebrew: דַּף (dap̄)
• → Classical Syriac: ܛܒܥܐ (tˤavʿā)
• → Elamite:
  • → Old Persian: 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (dipi-, “inscription; document”)
    • Middle Persian: dywʾn' (dīwān) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨡𐨁𐨤𐨁 (dipi) (Shahbazgarhi, Mansehra)
      • Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀺 (lipi, Girnar, Dhauli, Jaugada) (see there for further descendants)
• >? Central Kurdish: دیو (dîw, “room, chamber”)

References

• “ṭuppu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
• Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000), “ṭuppu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, via the electronic Babylonian Library