ἄγος

See also: ἀγός

Ancient Greek

Traditionally explained as from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂égos, with cognates such as Sanskrit आग॑स् (ā́gas) and Old English acan (English ache).^[1] However, this comparison has nowadays been abandoned and a relation to ᾰ̔́γῐος (hắgĭos, “holy”) is preferred instead.^[2]^[3] The initial deaspiration would be irregular, but note that an aspirated form might be attested in Pamphylian Greek ͱάιι(α) (háii(a), acc.pl.?).^[4]

ᾰ̓́γος • (ắgos) n (genitive ᾰ̓́γεος or ᾰ̓́γους); third declension

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́γος tò ắgos	τὼ ᾰ̓́γει tṑ ắgei	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γη tằ ắgē
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́γους toû ắgous	τοῖν ᾰ̓γοῖν toîn ăgoîn	τῶν ᾰ̓γῶν tôn ăgôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́γει tōî ắgei	τοῖν ᾰ̓γοῖν toîn ăgoîn	τοῖς ᾰ̓́γεσῐ / ᾰ̓́γεσῐν toîs ắgesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́γος tò ắgos	τὼ ᾰ̓́γει tṑ ắgei	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γη tằ ắgē
Vocative	ᾰ̓́γος ắgos	ᾰ̓́γει ắgei	ᾰ̓́γη ắgē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾰ̓́γος ắgos	ᾰ̓́γεε / ᾰ̓́γει ắgee / ắgei	ᾰ̓́γεᾰ ắgeă
Genitive	ᾰ̓́γεος / ᾰ̓́γευς ắgeos / ắgeus	ᾰ̓γέοιῐ̈ν ăgéoiĭ̈n	ᾰ̓γέων ăgéōn
Dative	ᾰ̓́γεῐ̈ / ᾰ̓́γει ắgeĭ̈ / ắgei	ᾰ̓γέοιῐ̈ν ăgéoiĭ̈n	ᾰ̓́γεσῐ / ᾰ̓́γεσῐν / ᾰ̓́γεσσῐ / ᾰ̓́γεσσῐν / ᾰ̓γέεσσῐ / ᾰ̓γέεσσῐν ắgesĭ(n) / ắgessĭ(n) / ăgéessĭ(n)
Accusative	ᾰ̓́γος ắgos	ᾰ̓́γεε / ᾰ̓́γει ắgee / ắgei	ᾰ̓́γεᾰ ắgeă
Vocative	ᾰ̓́γος ắgos	ᾰ̓́γεε / ᾰ̓́γει ắgee / ắgei	ᾰ̓́γεᾰ ắgeă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ᾰ̓́γος tò ắgos	τὼ ᾰ̓́γεε / ᾰ̓́γει tṑ ắgee / ắgei	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γεᾰ tằ ắgeă
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́γεος / ᾰ̓́γευς toû ắgeos / ắgeus	τοῖν ᾰ̓γέοιν toîn ăgéoin	τῶν ᾰ̓γέων tôn ăgéōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́γεῐ̈ / ᾰ̓́γει tōî ắgeĭ̈ / ắgei	τοῖν ᾰ̓γέοιν toîn ăgéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓́γεσῐ / ᾰ̓́γεσῐν toîsĭ(n) ắgesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ᾰ̓́γος tò ắgos	τὼ ᾰ̓́γεε / ᾰ̓́γει tṑ ắgee / ắgei	τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́γεᾰ tằ ắgeă
Vocative	ᾰ̓́γος ắgos	ᾰ̓́γεε / ᾰ̓́γει ắgee / ắgei	ᾰ̓́γεᾰ ắgeă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “agos-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 8
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 14-15
^ Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “ἄγος [ágos]”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 13
^ Brixhe, Claude (1976), Le dialecte grec de Pamphylie (in French), page 179: “Hάιι(α)”