ἄλειφαρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἀλείφω (aleíphō, “to anoint, grease”). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀩𐀞 (a-re-pa).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /á.leː.pʰar/ → /ˈa.li.ɸar/ → /ˈa.li.far/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.leː.pʰar/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.pʰar/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ɸar/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.far/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.far/

Noun

ἄλειφᾰρ • (áleiphar) n (genitive ἀλείφατος); third declension

1. unguent, anointing oil, oil, fat
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.170
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.408
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.87
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.94
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Diseases of Women 1.74
2. pitch, resin
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 7.147

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ἄλειφᾰρ; τοῦ ἀλείφᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἄλειφᾰρ tò áleiphar	τὼ ἀλείφᾰτε tṑ aleíphate	τᾰ̀ ἀλείφᾰτᾰ tà aleíphata
Genitive	τοῦ ἀλείφᾰτος toû aleíphatos	τοῖν ἀλειφᾰ́τοιν toîn aleiphátoin	τῶν ἀλειφᾰ́των tôn aleiphátōn
Dative	τῷ ἀλείφᾰτῐ tôi aleíphati	τοῖν ἀλειφᾰ́τοιν toîn aleiphátoin	τοῖς ἀλείφᾰσῐ / ἀλείφᾰσῐν toîs aleíphasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἄλειφᾰρ tò áleiphar	τὼ ἀλείφᾰτε tṑ aleíphate	τᾰ̀ ἀλείφᾰτᾰ tà aleíphata
Vocative	ἄλειφᾰρ áleiphar	ἀλείφᾰτε aleíphate	ἀλείφᾰτᾰ aleíphata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• “ἄλειφαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄλειφαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἄλειφαρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἄλειφαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἄλειφαρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἄλειφαρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)