ἰαίνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

In Sanskrit we find इषण्यति (iṣaṇyati, “to urge on, incite”), that might correspond to the Greek verb. However, the etymology has been doubted because of the deviant meanings. If correct, these two verbs may be derivatives of an r/n-stem, which was based on primary इष्यति (iṣyati, “to impel, send”), इष्णाति (iṣṇāti, “to incite, throw, swing”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /i.ǎi̯.nɔː/ → /iˈɛ.no/ → /iˈe.no/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /i.ǎi̯.nɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /iˈɛ.no/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈɛ.no/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈe.no/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈe.no/

Verb

ἰαίνω • (iaínō)

1. (transitive) to heat, warm
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.426:

     ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ πυρὶ χαλκὸν ἰήνατε

     amphì dé hoi purì khalkòn iḗnate

     and for him heat up a cauldron on the fire

2. (also metaphorically) to melt
3. to relax by warmth
4. (more frequently) to warm, cheer
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.102–103:

     οὐδὲ μέτωπον ἐπ' ὀφρύσι κυανέῃσιν / ἰάνθη

     oudè métōpon ep' ophrúsi kuanéēisin / iánthē

     but her forehead above her dark eyebrows did not / cheer up

Usage notes

• This verb denotes a pleasant kind of heat, prompting its use in metaphors for positive emotions.

Conjugation

   Present: ἰαίνω, ἰαίνομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἰαίνω	ἰαίνεις	ἰαίνει	ἰαίνετον	ἰαίνετον	ἰαίνομεν	ἰαίνετε	ἰαίνουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἰαίνω	ἰαίνῃς	ἰαίνῃ	ἰαίνητον	ἰαίνητον	ἰαίνωμεν	ἰαίνητε	ἰαίνωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰαίνοιμῐ	ἰαίνοις	ἰαίνοι	ἰαίνοιτον	ἰαινοίτην	ἰαίνοιμεν	ἰαίνοιτε	ἰαίνοιεν
	imperative		ἴαινε	ἰαινέτω	ἰαίνετον	ἰαινέτων		ἰαίνετε	ἰαινόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἰαίνομαι	ἰαίνῃ, ἰαίνει	ἰαίνεται	ἰαίνεσθον	ἰαίνεσθον	ἰαινόμεθᾰ	ἰαίνεσθε	ἰαίνονται
	subjunctive	ἰαίνωμαι	ἰαίνῃ	ἰαίνηται	ἰαίνησθον	ἰαίνησθον	ἰαινώμεθᾰ	ἰαίνησθε	ἰαίνωνται
	optative	ἰαινοίμην	ἰαίνοιο	ἰαίνοιτο	ἰαίνοισθον	ἰαινοίσθην	ἰαινοίμεθᾰ	ἰαίνοισθε	ἰαίνοιντο
	imperative		ἰαίνου	ἰαινέσθω	ἰαίνεσθον	ἰαινέσθων		ἰαίνεσθε	ἰαινέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἰαίνειν				ἰαίνεσθαι
participle	m	ἰαίνων				ἰαινόμενος
	f	ἰαίνουσᾰ				ἰαινομένη
	n	ἰαῖνον				ἰαινόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἴαινον, ἰαινόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἴαινον	ἴαινες	ἴαινε(ν)	ἰαίνετον	ἰαινέτην	ἰαίνομεν	ἰαίνετε	ἴαινον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἰαινόμην	ἰαίνου	ἰαίνετο	ἰαίνεσθον	ἰαινέσθην	ἰαινόμεθᾰ	ἰαίνεσθε	ἰαίνοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἰαίνεσκον, ἰαινεσκόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἰαίνεσκον	ἰαίνεσκες	ἰαίνεσκε(ν)	ἰαινέσκετον	ἰαινεσκέτην	ἰαινέσκομεν	ἰαινέσκετε	ἰαίνεσκον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἰαινεσκόμην	ἰαινέσκου	ἰαινέσκετο	ἰαινέσκεσθον	ἰαινεσκέσθην	ἰαινεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἰαινέσκεσθε	ἰαινέσκοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἴηνᾰ, ἰηνᾰ́μην, ἰάνθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἴηνᾰ	ἴηνᾰς	ἴηνε(ν)	ἰήνᾰτον	ἰηνᾰ́την	ἰήνᾰμεν	ἰήνᾰτε	ἴηνᾰν
	subjunctive	ἰήνω	ἰήνῃς	ἰήνῃ	ἰήνητον	ἰήνητον	ἰήνωμεν	ἰήνητε	ἰήνωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰήναιμῐ	ἰήνειᾰς, ἰήναις	ἰήνειε(ν), ἰήναι	ἰήναιτον	ἰηναίτην	ἰήναιμεν	ἰήναιτε	ἰήνειᾰν, ἰήναιεν
	imperative		ἴηνον	ἰηνᾰ́τω	ἰήνᾰτον	ἰηνᾰ́των		ἰήνᾰτε	ἰηνᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἰηνᾰ́μην	ἰήνω	ἰήνᾰτο	ἰήνᾰσθον	ἰηνᾰ́σθην	ἰηνᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἰήνᾰσθε	ἰήνᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἰήνωμαι	ἰήνῃ	ἰήνηται	ἰήνησθον	ἰήνησθον	ἰηνώμεθᾰ	ἰήνησθε	ἰήνωνται
	optative	ἰηναίμην	ἰήναιο	ἰήναιτο	ἰήναισθον	ἰηναίσθην	ἰηναίμεθᾰ	ἰήναισθε	ἰήναιντο
	imperative		ἴηναι	ἰηνᾰ́σθω	ἰήνᾰσθον	ἰηνᾰ́σθων		ἰήνᾰσθε	ἰηνᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἰάνθην	ἰάνθης	ἰάνθη	ἰάνθητον	ἰανθήτην	ἰάνθημεν	ἰάνθητε	ἰάνθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἰανθῶ	ἰανθῇς	ἰανθῇ	ἰανθῆτον	ἰανθῆτον	ἰανθῶμεν	ἰανθῆτε	ἰανθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰανθείην	ἰανθείης	ἰανθείη	ἰανθεῖτον, ἰανθείητον	ἰανθείτην, ἰανθειήτην	ἰανθεῖμεν, ἰανθείημεν	ἰανθεῖτε, ἰανθείητε	ἰανθεῖεν, ἰανθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἰάνθητῐ	ἰανθήτω	ἰάνθητον	ἰανθήτων		ἰάνθητε	ἰανθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἰῆναι			ἰήνᾰσθαι		ἰανθῆναι
participle	m	ἰήνᾱς			ἰηνᾰ́μενος		ἰανθείς
	f	ἰήνᾱσᾰ			ἰηνᾰμένη		ἰανθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἰῆνᾰν			ἰηνᾰ́μενον		ἰανθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

• “ἰαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἰαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἰαίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἰαίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἰαίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἰαίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN