ὀξύς

See also: οξύς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally derived as a u-stem o-grade adjective of Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) and compared with ὄκρῐς (ókrĭs, “point, prominence”); however, such a stem and ablaut combination is rather strange. An alternative theory by Narten reconstructs the word's root as Proto-Indo-European *h₃ks-, comparing Sanskrit अक्ष्णोति (akṣṇoti, “to mark the ear”), but this is doubtful.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ok.sýs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /okˈsys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /okˈsys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /okˈsys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /okˈsis/

Adjective

ὀξῠ́ς • (oxŭ́s) m (feminine ὀξεῖᾰ, neuter ὀξῠ́); first/third declension

sharp; pointed (especially of swords, axes, etc.)
Antonym: ᾰ̓μβλῠ́ς (ămblŭ́s)
(of the senses) sharp; keen
1. (of sight) dazzling; bright
2. (of sound) shrill; piercing; high; sharp
  Antonym: βᾰρῠ́ς (bărŭ́s)
3. (of taste) sharp; pungent; acid
quick; hasty; swift
sharp; clever

Declension

First and third declension of ὀξῠ́ς; ὀξεῖᾰ; ὀξῠ́ (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὀξῠ́ς oxŭ́s	ὀξεῖᾰ oxeîă	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξεῖς oxeîs	ὀξεῖαι oxeîai	ὀξέᾰ oxéă
Genitive	ὀξέος oxéos	ὀξείᾱς oxeíās	ὀξέος oxéos	ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξείαιν oxeíain	ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξέων oxéōn	ὀξειῶν oxeiôn	ὀξέων oxéōn
Dative	ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξείᾳ oxeíāi	ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξείαιν oxeíain	ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξέσῐ ὀξέσῐν oxésĭ(n)	ὀξείαις oxeíais	ὀξέσῐ ὀξέσῐν oxésĭ(n)
Accusative	ὀξῠ́ν oxŭ́n	ὀξεῖᾰν oxeîăn	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξεῖς oxeîs	ὀξείᾱς oxeíās	ὀξέᾰ oxéă
Vocative	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξεῖᾰ oxeîă	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξεῖς oxeîs	ὀξεῖαι oxeîai	ὀξέᾰ oxéă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὀξέως oxéōs			ὀξῠ́τερος oxŭ́teros			ὀξῠ́τᾰτος oxŭ́tătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of ὀξῠ́ς; ὀξεῖᾰ; ὀξῠ́ (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὀξῠ́ς oxŭ́s	ὀξεῖᾰ oxeîă	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξέες ὀξεῖς oxées oxeîs	ὀξεῖαι oxeîai	ὀξέᾰ oxéă
Genitive	ὀξέος oxéos	ὀξείης oxeíēs	ὀξέος oxéos	ὀξέοιῐ̈ν oxéoiĭ̈n	ὀξείαιῐ̈ν oxeíaiĭ̈n	ὀξέοιῐ̈ν oxéoiĭ̈n	ὀξέων oxéōn	ὀξειᾱ́ων ὀξειέων ὀξειῶν oxeiā́ōn oxeiéōn oxeiôn	ὀξέων oxéōn
Dative	ὀξέῐ̈ ὀξεῖ oxéĭ̈ oxeî	ὀξείῃ oxeíēi	ὀξέῐ̈ ὀξεῖ oxéĭ̈ oxeî	ὀξέοιῐ̈ν oxéoiĭ̈n	ὀξείαιῐ̈ν oxeíaiĭ̈n	ὀξέοιῐ̈ν oxéoiĭ̈n	ὀξέσῐ ὀξέσῐν ὀξέσσῐ ὀξέσσῐν ὀξέεσσῐ ὀξέεσσῐν oxésĭ(n) oxéssĭ(n) oxéessĭ(n)	ὀξείῃσῐ ὀξείῃσῐν ὀξείῃς ὀξείαις oxeíēisĭ(n) oxeíēis oxeíais	ὀξέσῐ ὀξέσῐν ὀξέσσῐ ὀξέσσῐν ὀξέεσσῐ ὀξέεσσῐν oxésĭ(n) oxéssĭ(n) oxéessĭ(n)
Accusative	ὀξῠ́ν oxŭ́n	ὀξεῖᾰν oxeîăn	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξέᾰς oxéăs	ὀξείᾱς oxeíās	ὀξέᾰ oxéă
Vocative	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξεῖᾰ oxeîă	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξέες ὀξεῖς oxées oxeîs	ὀξεῖαι oxeîai	ὀξέᾰ oxéă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὀξέως ὀξῠ́ ὀξέᾰ oxéōs oxŭ́ oxéă			ὀξῠ́τερος oxŭ́teros			ὀξῠ́τᾰτος oxŭ́tătos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First and third declension of ὀξῠ́ς; ὀξείη / ὀξεῖᾰ / ὀξέη / ὀξέᾰ; ὀξῠ́ (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὀξῠ́ς oxŭ́s	ὀξείη ὀξεῖᾰ ὀξέη ὀξέᾰ oxeíē oxeîă oxéē oxéă	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξείᾱ ὀξέᾱ oxeíā oxéā	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξέες ὀξεῖς oxées oxeîs	ὀξεῖαι ὀξέαι oxeîai oxéai	ὀξέᾰ ὀξεῖᾰ oxéă oxeîă
Genitive	ὀξέος oxéos	ὀξείης ὀξέης oxeíēs oxéēs	ὀξέος oxéos	ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξείαιν ὀξέαιν oxeíain oxéain	ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξέων oxéōn	ὀξειέων ὀξειῶν ὀξεέων ὀξεῶν oxeiéōn oxeiôn oxeéōn oxeôn	ὀξέων oxéōn
Dative	ὀξέῐ̈ ὀξεῖ oxéĭ̈ oxeî	ὀξείῃ ὀξέῃ oxeíēi oxéēi	ὀξέῐ̈ ὀξεῖ oxéĭ̈ oxeî	ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξείαιν ὀξέαιν oxeíain oxéain	ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξέσῐ ὀξέσῐν oxésĭ(n)	ὀξείῃσῐ ὀξείῃσῐν ὀξέῃσῐ ὀξέῃσῐν oxeíēisĭ(n) oxéēisĭ(n)	ὀξέσῐ ὀξέσῐν oxésĭ(n)
Accusative	ὀξῠ́ν oxŭ́n	ὀξείην ὀξεῖᾰν ὀξέην ὀξέᾰν oxeíēn oxeîăn oxéēn oxéăn	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξείᾱ ὀξέᾱ oxeíā oxéā	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξέᾰς oxéăs	ὀξείᾱς ὀξέᾱς oxeíās oxéās	ὀξέᾰ ὀξεῖᾰ oxéă oxeîă
Vocative	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξείη ὀξεῖᾰ ὀξέη ὀξέᾰ oxeíē oxeîă oxéē oxéă	ὀξῠ́ oxŭ́	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξείᾱ ὀξέᾱ oxeíā oxéā	ὀξέε ὀξεῖ oxée oxeî	ὀξέες ὀξεῖς oxées oxeîs	ὀξεῖαι ὀξέαι oxeîai oxéai	ὀξέᾰ ὀξεῖᾰ oxéă oxeîă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὀξέως ὀξείως oxéōs oxeíōs			ὀξῠ́τερος oxŭ́teros			ὀξῠ́τᾰτος oxŭ́tătos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ὀξέᾰ (oxéă)
ὀξεῖᾰ (oxeîă)
ὀξείως (oxeíōs)
ὀξέως (oxéōs)
ὄξος (óxos)
ὀξῠ́ (oxŭ́)
Ὀξῠᾰ́θρης (Oxŭắthrēs)
ὀξῠβᾰ́φῐον (oxŭbắphĭon)
ὀξῠ́βᾰφον (oxŭ́băphon)
ὀξῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ (oxŭthūmĭ́ā)
ὀξῠ́θῡμος (oxŭ́thūmos)
ὀξῠκέφᾰλος (oxŭképhălos)
ὀξῠ́μωρος (oxŭ́mōros)
ὀξῠμώρως (oxŭmṓrōs)
ὀξῠόεις (oxŭóeis)
ὀξῠπέπερῐ (oxŭpéperĭ)
ὀξῠ́της (oxŭ́tēs)
ὀξῠ́τονος (oxŭ́tonos)

Descendants

→ English: oxy-
Greek: οξύς (oxýs)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὀξύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1089

“ὀξύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὀξύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ὀξύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὀξύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ὀξύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ὀξύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3691 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
ὀξύς in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- active idem, page 10.
- acute idem, page 10.
- alert idem, page 22.
- angry idem, page 29.
- animated idem, page 30.
- ardent idem, page 38.
- astute idem, page 48.
- bright idem, page 98.
- brisk idem, page 100.
- choleric idem, page 131.
- clear idem, page 136.
- distinct idem, page 241.
- eager idem, page 258.
- energetic idem, page 273.
- fast idem, page 308.
- fiery idem, page 318.
- fleet idem, page 327.
- hasty idem, page 387.
- highest idem, page 400.
- hot idem, page 407.
- impatient idem, page 419.
- impetuous idem, page 421.
- impulsive idem, page 425.
- irascible idem, page 459.
- irritable idem, page 460.
- keen idem, page 467.
- loud idem, page 501.
- passionate idem, page 597.
- penetrating idem, page 603.
- piercing idem, page 612.
- pushful idem, page 660.
- quick idem, page 665.
- ready idem, page 675.
- sagacious idem, page 731.
- searching idem, page 746.
- sensitive idem, page 753.
- sharp idem, page 762.
- sharp-sighted idem, page 763.
- sharp-witted idem, page 763.
- short idem, page 768.
- shrewd idem, page 770.
- shrill idem, page 771.
- smart idem, page 786.
- sour idem, page 796.
- stinging idem, page 818.
- strenuous idem, page 825.
- swift idem, page 848.
- tart idem, page 856.
- vehement idem, page 946.
- vigorous idem, page 952.
- warm idem, page 964.
- wit idem, page 983.
- wrath idem, page 992.
- wrathful idem, page 992.
- zealous idem, page 997.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὀξύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1089

[1]