くたばる
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Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with くたくた (kutakuta). The くた (kuta) in くたばる is cognate with that in 降つ (kutatsu),[1] as well as with 腐す (kutasu)[1][2] and its intransitive counterpart くちる (kuchiru).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
くたばる • (kutabaru) intransitive godan (stem くたばり (kutabari), past くたばった (kutabatta))
- to wear oneself out; to become exhausted
- Synonym: 疲れる (tsukareru)
- (vulgar, usually imperative) to die, to drop dead
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:死ぬ
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "くたばる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | くたばら | kutabara | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | くたばり | kutabari | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | くたばる | kutabaru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | くたばる | kutabaru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | くたばれ | kutabare | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | くたばれ | kutabare | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | くたばられる | kutabarareru | |
| Causative | くたばらせる くたばらす |
kutabaraseru kutabarasu | |
| Potential | くたばれる | kutabareru | |
| Volitional | くたばろう | kutabarō | |
| Negative | くたばらない | kutabaranai | |
| Negative continuative | くたばらず | kutabarazu | |
| Formal | くたばります | kutabarimasu | |
| Perfective | くたばった | kutabatta | |
| Conjunctive | くたばって | kutabatte | |
| Hypothetical conditional | くたばれば | kutabareba | |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | くたばら | kutabara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | くたばり | kutabari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | くたばる | kutabaru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | くたばる | kutabaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | くたばれ | kutabare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | くたばれ | kutabare | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | くたばらず | kutabarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | くたばれど | kutabaredo | |
| Causal conjunction | くたばれば | kutabareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | くたばらば | kutabaraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | くたばりき | kutabariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | くたばりけり | kutabarikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | くたばりつ | kutabaritu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | くたばりぬ | kutabarinu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | くたばれり くたばりたり |
kutabareri kutabaritari | |
| Volitional | くたばらむ | kutabaramu | |
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “くたばる”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN