にせる

Japanese

Alternative spelling
似せる

Etymology

From Old Japanese にす, in the 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下(しも)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Verb

にせる • (niseru) transitive ichidan (stem にせ (nise), past にせた (niseta))

Japanese verb pair
active	にせる
mediopassive	にる

1. copy, imitate
2. forge, counterfeit

Conjugation

Conjugation of "にせる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	にせ	nise
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	にせ	nise
Shūshikei ("terminal")	にせる	niseru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	にせる	niseru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	にせれ	nisere
Meireikei ("imperative")	にせよ¹ にせろ²	niseyo¹ nisero²
Key constructions
Passive	にせられる	niserareru
Causative	にせさせる にせさす	nisesaseru nisesasu
Potential	にせられる にせれる³	niserareru nisereru³
Volitional	にせよう	niseyō
Negative	にせない にせぬ にせん	nisenai nisenu nisen
Negative continuative	にせず	nisezu
Formal	にせます	nisemasu
Perfective	にせた	niseta
Conjunctive	にせて	nisete
Hypothetical conditional	にせれば	nisereba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

• 偽(にせ) (nise)