先んじる
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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先 |
さき Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) さきんずる [sàkíńzúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) さきんずる [sàkíńzúrú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [sa̠kʲĩnd͡zɨɾɯ̟]
Verb
[edit]先んじる • (sakinjiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 先んじ (sakinji), past 先んじた (sakinjita))
- come before; precede; have a head start; be anterior to
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "先んじる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 先んじ | さきんじ | sakinji | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 先んじ | さきんじ | sakinji | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 先んじる | さきんじる | sakinjiru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 先んじる | さきんじる | sakinjiru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 先んじれ | さきんじれ | sakinjire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 先んじよ¹ 先んじろ² |
さきんじよ¹ さきんじろ² |
sakinjiyo¹ sakinjiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 先んじられる | さきんじられる | sakinjirareru | |
Causative | 先んじさせる 先んじさす |
さきんじさせる さきんじさす |
sakinjisaseru sakinjisasu | |
Potential | 先んじられる 先んじれる³ |
さきんじられる さきんじれる³ |
sakinjirareru sakinjireru³ | |
Volitional | 先んじよう | さきんじよう | sakinjiyō | |
Negative | 先んじない 先んじぬ 先んじん |
さきんじない さきんじぬ さきんじん |
sakinjinai sakinjinu sakinjin | |
Negative continuative | 先んじず | さきんじず | sakinjizu | |
Formal | 先んじます | さきんじます | sakinjimasu | |
Perfective | 先んじた | さきんじた | sakinjita | |
Conjunctive | 先んじて | さきんじて | sakinjite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 先んじれば | さきんじれば | sakinjireba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Synonyms
[edit]- 先んずる (sakinzuru)
Antonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN