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励む

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
励
はげ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
勵む (kyūjitai)
Japanese verb pair
active 励ます
mediopassive 励む

Etymology

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Cognate with the adjective 激しい (hageshii).[1] Possibly from はげ (hage, root of 激しい) + む (-mu). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 励む
Plain 励む はげむ [hàgéꜜmù]
Conjunctive 励んで はげんで [hàgéꜜǹdè]
Perfective 励んだ はげんだ [hàgéꜜǹdà]
Negative 励まない はげまない [hàgémáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 励まなかった はげまなかった [hàgémáꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 励めば はげめば [hàgéꜜmèbà]
Past conditional 励んだら はげんだら [hàgéꜜǹdàrà]
Imperative 励め はげめ [hàgéꜜmè]
Volitional 励もう はげもー [hàgémóꜜò]
Desiderative 励みたい はげみたい [hàgémítáꜜì]
Formal 励みます はげみます [hàgémímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 励みません はげみません [hàgémímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 励みましょう はげみましょー [hàgémímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 励みました はげみました [hàgémímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 励み
励みに 		はげみ
はげみに 		[hàgéꜜmì]
[hàgéꜜmì nì]
Negative continuative 励まず
励まずに 		はげまず
はげまずに 		[hàgémáꜜzù]
[hàgémáꜜzù nì]
Passive 励まれる はげまれる [hàgémáréꜜrù]
Causative 励ませる
励ます 		はげませる
はげます 		[hàgémáséꜜrù]
[hàgémáꜜsù]
Potential 励める はげめる [hàgéméꜜrù]

Verb

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励(はげ)む • (hagemu) intransitive godan (stem 励(はげ)み (hagemi), past 励(はげ)んだ (hagenda))

  1. to be zealous, to be preoccupied with, to strive
    ジョギングに励(はげ)んだ。
    Jogingu ni hagenda.
    We have been quite keen on running.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "励む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 励ま はげま hagema
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 励み はげみ hagemi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 励む はげむ hagemu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 励む はげむ hagemu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 励め はげめ hageme
Meireikei ("imperative") 励め はげめ hageme
Key constructions
Passive 励まれる はげまれる hagemareru
Causative 励ませる
励ます 		はげませる
はげます 		hagemaseru
hagemasu
Potential 励める はげめる hagemeru
Volitional 励もう はげもう hagemō
Negative 励まない はげまない hagemanai
Negative continuative 励まず はげまず hagemazu
Formal 励みます はげみます hagemimasu
Perfective 励んだ はげんだ hagenda
Conjunctive 励んで はげんで hagende
Hypothetical conditional 励めば はげめば hagemeba

Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
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