堪える

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
堪
た Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 堪える – see the following entry.

【たえる】 [verb] 耐える, 堪える: to have the ability (for a job etc.), to be worthy Alternative spelling 耐える

(This term, 堪える, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
堪
こら Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 堪える – see the following entry.

【こらえる】 [verb] to bear; to put up with; to stand; to endure (pain, anguish) [verb] to suppress; to fight (usually a display of emotion) Alternative spelling 怺える

(This term, 堪える, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
堪
こた Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ta̠e̞ɾɯ̟]
• (Tokyo) こたえる [kòtáéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])

Verb

堪(こた)える • (kotaeru) ^{←こたへる (kotaferu)?}intransitive ichidan (stem 堪(こた)え (kotae), past 堪(こた)えた (kotaeta))

1. to endure, to withstand

   Synonyms: 耐える (taeru), 我慢する (gaman suru), こらえる (koraeru)

   失(しっ)敗(ぱい)が身(み)に堪(こた)える

   shippai ga mi ni kotaeru

   to endure the failure

2. (in the negative potential as 堪(こた)えられない (kotaerarenai)): irresistible, really good

   堪(こた)えられない暑(あつ)さ

   kotaerarenai atsusa

   the heat I can't endure

   面(おも)白(しろ)くて堪(こた)えられない

   omoshirokute kotaerarenai

   it's so interesting that I can't resist

Conjugation

Conjugation of "堪える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	堪え	こたえ	kotae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	堪え	こたえ	kotae
Shūshikei ("terminal")	堪える	こたえる	kotaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	堪える	こたえる	kotaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	堪えれ	こたえれ	kotaere
Meireikei ("imperative")	堪えよ¹ 堪えろ²	こたえよ¹ こたえろ²	kotaeyo¹ kotaero²
Key constructions
Passive	堪えられる	こたえられる	kotaerareru
Causative	堪えさせる 堪えさす	こたえさせる こたえさす	kotaesaseru kotaesasu
Potential	堪えられる 堪えれる³	こたえられる こたえれる³	kotaerareru kotaereru³
Volitional	堪えよう	こたえよう	kotaeyō
Negative	堪えない 堪えぬ 堪えん	こたえない こたえぬ こたえん	kotaenai kotaenu kotaen
Negative continuative	堪えず	こたえず	kotaezu
Formal	堪えます	こたえます	kotaemasu
Perfective	堪えた	こたえた	kotaeta
Conjunctive	堪えて	こたえて	kotaete
Hypothetical conditional	堪えれば	こたえれば	kotaereba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

• 持(も)ち堪(こた)える (mochikotaeru)