女流

Chinese

		female; woman; daughter	to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move
trad. (女流)		女	流
simp. ^#(女流)		女	流

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nǚliú

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄩˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): neoi⁵ lau⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lú-liû / lír-liû / lí-liû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nǚliú
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄩˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nyǔlióu
  - Wade–Giles: nü³-liu²
  - Yale: nyǔ-lyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neuliou
  - Palladius: нюйлю (njujlju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: neoi⁵ lau⁴
  - Yale: néuih làuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: noey⁵ lau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nêu⁵ leo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɵy̯¹³ lɐu̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú-liû
  - Tâi-lô: lú-liû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lwliuu
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír-liû
  - Tâi-lô: lír-liû
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-liû
  - Tâi-lô: lí-liû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lyliuu
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liu²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu¹³/

Noun

女流

(mildly derogatory) woman; the weaker sex
- 其書云： […] 昔李將軍忍恥降虜，欲得當以報漢，妾雖女流，志竊類此。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  其书云： […] 昔李将军忍耻降虏，欲得当以报汉，妾虽女流，志窃类此。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Feng Menglong, Stories to Awaken the World, 1627 CE
  Qí shū yún: […] xī Lǐ jiāngjūn rěn chǐ xiáng lǔ, yù dédàng yǐ bào Hàn, qiè suī nǚliú, zhì qiè lèi cǐ. [Pinyin]
  Her letter said, “... In the old days, General Li swallowed humiliation and surrendered to the Xiongnu in the hope of awaiting a chance to serve the country again. Though I’m but a woman, I’ve been having similar aspirations.”
- 嘗謂女流中最少明經義、諳雅故者；汝嫂非不婉嫕，而於此微缺然。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  尝谓女流中最少明经义、谙雅故者；汝嫂非不婉嫕，而于此微缺然。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 1768, Yuan Mei,《祭妹文》
  Cháng wèi nǚliú zhōng zuìshào míng jīng yì, ān yǎ gù zhě; rǔ sǎo fēi bù wǎnyì, ér yú cǐ wēi quērán. [Pinyin]
  I have said that too few women understand the classics and are versed in our culture; your sister-in-law certainly possesses gentility, but is somewhat lacking in that respect.
- 2016, “醉鴛鴦”, in 郭之儀 (lyrics), 鄭喬安 (music), 十全十美, performed by 蔡秋鳳 and 袁小迪:
  
  啊明知感情總是難求　啊無可奈何阮是女流 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  啊明知感情总是难求　啊无可奈何阮是女流 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  ah bêng-chai kám-chêng chóng-sī lân kiû, ah bû-khó-nāi-hô gún sī lú-liû [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (女流):

→ Japanese: 女(じょ)流(りゅう) (joryū)
→ Korean: 여류(女流) (yeoryu)
→ Vietnamese: nữ lưu (女流)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
女	流
じょ Grade: 1	りゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Noun

女(じょ)流(りゅう) • (joryū)

(attributive, chiefly occupational) female
- 1947, 坂口安吾, オモチャ箱:
  次(つぎ)にはさる新進(しんしん)の女流(じょりゅう)作家(さっか)を訪問(ほうもん)する。
  Tsugi ni wa saru shinshin no joryū sakka o hōmon suru.
  Next we have a visit by a certain up-and-coming female author.

References

“女流”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
女	流

Noun

女流 • (yeoryu) (hangeul 여류)

hanja form^? of 여류 (“female”)