擅自

Chinese

		usurp; without authority	from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since
simp. and trad. (擅自)		擅	自

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shànzì

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ ㄗˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sin⁶ zi⁶

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siān-chīr / siān-chū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siang⁶ ze⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shànzì
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ ㄗˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shànzìh
    • Wade–Giles: shan⁴-tzŭ⁴
    • Yale: shàn-dz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanntzyh
    • Palladius: шаньцзы (šanʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sin⁶ zi⁶
    • Yale: sihn jih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sin⁶ dzi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xin⁶ ji⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn²² t͡siː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān-chīr
    • Tâi-lô: siān-tsīr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān-chū
    • Tâi-lô: siān-tsū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siexnzu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡su²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siang⁶ ze⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng tsṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ³⁵/

Adverb

擅自

1. without permission or authorization
2. on one's own initiative

Synonyms

• (on one's own initiative): 自覺／自觉 (zìjué)

Related terms

• 自作主張／自作主张 (zìzuòzhǔzhāng)