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畏まる

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
かしこ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Etymology

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Derived from classical verb 畏む (kashikomu), itself apparently a back-formation from 畏み (kashikomi), from the kashiko stem of adjective 畏い (kashikoi, dreadful, terrible, awesome) + nominalizing suffix (mi, indicating appearance or state).[1][2]

The meaning of the adjective evolved from dreadful to awesome to worthy of respect;[1] compare the shades in meaning in English awful and awesome. The meaning of the verb kashikomaru similarly shifted from to be impressed by something as dreadful to to be impressed by something as worthy of deep respect.

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 畏まる
Plain 畏まる しこま [kàshíkómáꜜrù]
Conjunctive 畏まって しこまって [kàshíkómáꜜttè]
Perfective 畏まった しこまった [kàshíkómáꜜttà]
Negative 畏まらない しこまらない [kàshíkómáráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 畏まらなかった しこまらなかった [kàshíkómáráꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 畏まれば しこまれば [kàshíkómáꜜrèbà]
Past conditional 畏まったら しこまったら [kàshíkómáꜜttàrà]
Imperative 畏まれ しこま [kàshíkómáꜜrè]
Volitional 畏まろう しこまろ [kàshíkómáróꜜò]
Desiderative 畏まりたい しこまりた [kàshíkómárítáꜜì]
Formal 畏まります しこまりま [kàshíkómárímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 畏まりません しこまりませ [kàshíkómárímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 畏まりましょう しこまりましょ [kàshíkómárímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 畏まりました しこまりました [kàshíkómárímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 畏まり
畏まりに
しこま
しこまりに
[kàshíkómáꜜrì]
[kàshíkómáꜜrì nì]
Negative continuative 畏まらず
畏まらずに
しこまら
しこまらずに
[kàshíkómáráꜜzù]
[kàshíkómáráꜜzù nì]
Passive 畏まられる しこまられ [kàshíkómáráréꜜrù]
Causative 畏まらせる
畏まらす
しこまらせ
しこまら
[kàshíkómáráséꜜrù]
[kàshíkómáráꜜsù]
Potential 畏まれる しこまれ [kàshíkómáréꜜrù]

Verb

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(かしこ)まる (kashikomaruintransitive godan (stem (かしこ)まり (kashikomari), past (かしこ)まった (kashikomatta))

  1. (humble) to understand, to acknowledge
    はい(かしこ)まりました
    Hai, kashikomarimashita.
    Yes, sir/madam! (honorific response)
  2. to obey respectfully, comply
  3. to sit upright
  4. to be stiff or formal, to stand on ceremony

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "畏まる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 畏まら かしこまら kashikomara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 畏まり かしこまり kashikomari
Shūshikei ("terminal") 畏まる かしこまる kashikomaru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 畏まる かしこまる kashikomaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 畏まれ かしこまれ kashikomare
Meireikei ("imperative") 畏まれ かしこまれ kashikomare
Key constructions
Passive 畏まられる かしこまられる kashikomarareru
Causative 畏まらせる
畏まらす
かしこまらせる
かしこまらす
kashikomaraseru
kashikomarasu
Potential 畏まれる かしこまれる kashikomareru
Volitional 畏まろう かしこまろう kashikomarō
Negative 畏まらない かしこまらない kashikomaranai
Negative continuative 畏まらず かしこまらず kashikomarazu
Formal 畏まります かしこまります kashikomarimasu
Perfective 畏まった かしこまった kashikomatta
Conjunctive 畏まって かしこまって kashikomatte
Hypothetical conditional 畏まれば かしこまれば kashikomareba

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN