Chinese
Pronunciation
Noun
(deprecated template usage) 鼻頭
- tip of the nose
- (colloquial, chiefly Mandarin, Wu, Xiang) nose
- (Puxian Min) bridge of the nose
- protruding part of an object
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
鼻尖 (“tip of the nose”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
鼻端, 鼻頭, 鼻尖
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
鼻尖, 鼻準
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
鼻子尖兒, 鼻尖兒
|
| Taiwan
|
鼻尖, 鼻子尖
|
| Harbin
|
鼻子尖兒
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
鼻子尖兒
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
鼻子尖兒
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
鼻子尖兒, 鼻疙瘩兒
|
| Wanrong
|
鼻疙瘩尖兒
|
| Xi'an
|
鼻尖子
|
| Xining
|
鼻疙瘩
|
| Xuzhou
|
鼻子尖兒, 鼻尖兒
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
鼻尖尖子
|
| Lanzhou
|
鼻尖子
|
| Ürümqi
|
鼻疙瘩, 鼻子尖兒
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
鼻子尖尖, 鼻頭兒
|
| Wuhan
|
鼻尖子
|
| Guiyang
|
鼻子巔巔, 鼻子尖尖
|
| Guilin
|
鼻尖
|
| Liuzhou
|
鼻尖
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
鼻尖子, 鼻子尖
|
| Yangzhou
|
鼻尖子
|
| Nantong
|
鼻子尖兒
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
鼻哥尖
|
| Dongguan
|
鼻哥拎, 鼻哥丁, 鼻珠
|
| Xinyi
|
鼻公頭
|
| Nanning
|
鼻哥頭
|
| Wuzhou
|
鼻哥頭
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
鼻尖
|
| Gan
|
Lichuan
|
鼻公尖
|
| Pingxiang
|
鼻子嘴
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
鼻準
|
| Yudu
|
鼻公嘴子
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
鼻公嘴
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
鼻空嘴
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
鼻孔尖
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
鼻尖尖
|
| Xinzhou
|
鼻尖子
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
鼻嘴
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
鼻頭, 鼻腦
|
| Fuqing
|
鼻尖
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
鼻頭
|
| Quanzhou
|
鼻頭
|
| Zhangzhou
|
鼻頭
|
| Taipei
|
鼻頭
|
| Kaohsiung
|
鼻頭
|
| Chaozhou
|
鼻頭
|
| Shantou
|
鼻頭
|
| Jieyang
|
鼻頭
|
| Leizhou
|
鼻帶
|
| Puxian Min
|
Xianyou
|
鼻空頭
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
鼻子頭, 鼻尖
|
| Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
鼻子尖
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
鼻尖
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
鼻尖年
|
| Suzhou
|
鼻頭尖兒頭
|
| Danyang
|
鼻頭尖尖, 鼻尖
|
| Hangzhou
|
鼻頭尖兒
|
| Ningbo
|
鼻頭管尖頭
|
| Wenzhou
|
鼻頭珠兒
|
| Jinhua
|
鼻頭尖兒
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
鼻尖子
|
| Loudi
|
鼻頭尖尖
|
| Quanzhou
|
鼻子尖
|
Dialectal synonyms of
鼻子 (“nose”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
鼻
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
鼻子
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
鼻子
|
| Taiwan
|
鼻子
|
| Ulanhot
|
鼻子
|
| Tongliao
|
鼻子
|
| Chifeng
|
鼻子
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
鼻子
|
| Harbin
|
鼻子
|
| Shenyang
|
鼻子
|
| Malaysia
|
鼻子
|
| Singapore
|
鼻子
|
| Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
|
鼻子
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
鼻子
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
鼻子
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
鼻子
|
| Wanrong
|
鼻疙瘩
|
| Zhengzhou
|
鼻子
|
| Xi'an
|
鼻子
|
| Xining
|
鼻子
|
| Xuzhou
|
鼻子, 鼻主 dated
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
鼻子
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
鼻子
|
| Bayanhot
|
鼻子
|
| Lanzhou
|
鼻子
|
| Ürümqi
|
鼻子
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
鼻子
|
| Chongqing
|
鼻子
|
| Wuhan
|
鼻子
|
| Guiyang
|
鼻子
|
| Kunming
|
鼻子
|
| Guilin
|
鼻子
|
| Liuzhou
|
鼻子
|
| Mae Salong (Lancang)
|
鼻子
|
| Mae Sai (Tengchong)
|
鼻子
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
鼻子
|
| Yangzhou
|
鼻子
|
| Xinghua
|
鼻子
|
| Nantong
|
鼻子
|
| Hefei
|
鼻子
|
| Huanggang
|
鼻子
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
鼻哥, 鼻
|
| Hong Kong
|
鼻哥, 鼻
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
鼻公
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
鼻公
|
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
鼻公
|
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
鼻公
|
| Macau
|
鼻哥
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
鼻哥
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
鼻哥
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
鼻哥
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
鼻哥
|
| Foshan
|
鼻哥
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
鼻哥
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
鼻哥
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
鼻哥
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
鼻
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
鼻哥
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
鼻哥
|
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
鼻哥
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
鼻哥
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
鼻哥
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
鼻哥
|
| Taishan
|
鼻哥, 鼻
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
鼻哥
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
鼻哥
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
鼻
|
| Dongguan
|
鼻哥
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
鼻哥
|
| Shenzhen (Dapeng)
|
鼻公
|
| Qingyuan
|
鼻哥
|
| Fogang
|
鼻哥
|
| Yingde (Hanguang)
|
鼻公
|
| Yangshan
|
鼻公
|
| Lianshan (Butian)
|
鼻頭
|
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
|
鼻
|
| Shaoguan
|
鼻哥
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
鼻哥
|
| Renhua
|
鼻哥
|
| Lechang
|
鼻哥
|
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
鼻哥
|
| Sihui
|
鼻哥
|
| Guangning
|
鼻哥
|
| Deqing
|
鼻哥
|
| Huaiji
|
鼻哥
|
| Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
鼻哥
|
| Yunfu
|
鼻哥, 鼻公
|
| Xinxing
|
鼻哥
|
| Luoding
|
鼻哥
|
| Yunan (Pingtai)
|
鼻哥
|
| Yangjiang
|
鼻
|
| Xinyi
|
鼻公
|
| Maoming (Xinpo)
|
鼻
|
| Lianjiang
|
鼻哥
|
| Wuchuan (Wuyang)
|
鼻
|
| Nanning
|
鼻哥
|
| Wuzhou
|
鼻哥
|
| Yulin
|
鼻公
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
鼻頭, 鼻公
|
| Guiping
|
鼻哥
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
鼻
|
| Beiliu (Tangliao)
|
鼻公
|
| Baise
|
鼻哥
|
| Bobai
|
鼻公
|
| Lingshan
|
鼻公
|
| Pubei
|
鼻公
|
| Qinzhou
|
鼻公
|
| Beihai
|
鼻公
|
| Ningming
|
鼻哥
|
| Hengzhou
|
鼻
|
| Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)
|
鼻
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
鼻哥
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
鼻哥
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
鼻哥
|
| Yangon (Taishan)
|
鼻哥
|
| Mandalay (Taishan)
|
鼻
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
鼻子, 鼻公
|
| Lichuan
|
鼻公
|
| Pingxiang
|
鼻子
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
鼻公
|
| Xingning
|
鼻公
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)
|
鼻公, 鼻
|
| Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)
|
鼻公, 鼻
|
| Huiyang
|
鼻公
|
| Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Huidong (Daling)
|
鼻公
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
鼻公
|
| Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
鼻公哎
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
鼻公
|
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo)
|
鼻公
|
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
鼻公
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
鼻公
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
鼻公
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
鼻公
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
鼻公
|
| Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
鼻公
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)
|
鼻公, 鼻
|
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Wengyuan
|
鼻公
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
鼻頭
|
| Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)
|
鼻公
|
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
鼻公
|
| Liannan
|
鼻公
|
| Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
鼻公
|
| Jiexi
|
鼻空
|
| Luhe
|
鼻公
|
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
|
鼻
|
| Changting
|
鼻公
|
| Wuping
|
鼻公
|
| Wuping (Yanqian)
|
鼻公
|
| Wuping (Pingyu)
|
鼻公
|
| Liancheng
|
鼻公
|
| Ninghua
|
鼻公
|
| Yudu
|
鼻子, 鼻, 鼻公
|
| Ningdu
|
鼻
|
| Ruijin
|
鼻公
|
| Shicheng
|
鼻公
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
鼻公
|
| Tonggu (Sandu)
|
鼻公
|
| Ganzhou (Panlong)
|
鼻公
|
| Dayu
|
鼻公
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
鼻公
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
鼻公
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
鼻空
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
鼻公, 鼻公笐
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
鼻公, 鼻空, 鼻窟仔
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
鼻
|
| Hong Kong
|
鼻公
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
鼻
|
| Luchuan
|
鼻公
|
| Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
鼻公
|
| Hengzhou (Xiaoyi)
|
鼻公
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
鼻公
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
鼻公
|
| Singkawang
|
鼻空
|
| Singapore (Meixian)
|
鼻公
|
| Singapore (Dabu)
|
鼻公
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
鼻孔
|
| Shexian
|
鼻頭
|
| Huangshan (Tunxi)
|
鼻孔
|
| Xiuning
|
鼻孔
|
| Yixian
|
鼻孔
|
| Qimen
|
鼻孔
|
| Wuyuan
|
鼻孔
|
| Fuliang
|
鼻子
|
| Dexing
|
鼻公
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
鼻子
|
| Pingyao
|
鼻子
|
| Xinzhou
|
鼻子
|
| Taibus (Baochang)
|
鼻子
|
| Linhe
|
鼻子
|
| Jining
|
鼻子
|
| Hohhot
|
鼻子
|
| Baotou
|
鼻子
|
| Dongsheng
|
鼻子
|
| Haibowan
|
鼻子
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
鼻
|
| Jian'ou (Dikou)
|
鼻
|
| Songxi
|
鼻
|
| Zhenghe
|
鼻
|
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
|
鼻
|
| Jianyang
|
鼻
|
| Wuyishan
|
鼻
|
| Pucheng (Shibei)
|
鼻頭
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
鼻
|
| Fuzhou (Changle)
|
鼻
|
| Fuqing
|
鼻
|
| Yongtai
|
鼻
|
| Gutian
|
鼻
|
| Fu'an
|
鼻公
|
| Ningde
|
鼻
|
| Shouning
|
鼻頭
|
| Zhouning
|
鼻
|
| Fuding
|
鼻頭
|
| Matsu
|
鼻
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
鼻仔, 鼻
|
| Quanzhou
|
鼻仔, 鼻
|
| Jinjiang
|
鼻橐
|
| Nan'an
|
鼻橐
|
| Yongchun
|
鼻橐
|
| Dehua
|
鼻橐
|
| Zhangzhou
|
鼻仔, 鼻
|
| Zhao'an
|
鼻
|
| Dongshan
|
鼻
|
| Taipei
|
鼻仔, 鼻
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
鼻
|
| Kaohsiung
|
鼻仔, 鼻
|
| Yilan
|
鼻
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
鼻, 鼻空
|
| Taichung
|
鼻仔, 鼻
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
鼻
|
| Tainan
|
鼻仔, 鼻
|
| Taitung
|
鼻仔
|
| Hsinchu
|
鼻仔
|
| Kinmen
|
鼻
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
鼻
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
鼻管
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
鼻仔, 鼻空, 鼻
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
鼻仔, 鼻
|
| Zhangping
|
鼻空
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
鼻空
|
| Datian
|
鼻, 鼻仔
|
| Chaozhou
|
鼻
|
| Shantou
|
鼻
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
鼻
|
| Jieyang
|
鼻
|
| Haifeng
|
鼻, 鼻仔
|
| Bangkok (Teochew)
|
鼻
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)
|
鼻
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
鼻
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
鼻
|
| Leizhou
|
鼻
|
| Wenchang
|
鼻
|
| Haikou
|
鼻
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
鼻
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
鼻空
|
| Xianyou
|
鼻空
|
| Fuding (Aoyao)
|
鼻頭
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
鼻頭
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
鼻子, 鼻
|
| Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
鼻孔
|
| Shehua
|
Fuding
|
鼻洞
|
| Luoyuan
|
鼻牯
|
| Sanming
|
鼻
|
| Guixi (Zhangping)
|
鼻窟
|
| Cangnan
|
鼻洞
|
| Jingning (Hexi)
|
鼻洞
|
| Lishui
|
鼻洞
|
| Longyou
|
鼻洞
|
| Chaozhou
|
鼻洞
|
| Fengshun
|
鼻洞
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
鼻頭
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
鼻頭
|
| Suzhou
|
鼻頭
|
| Wuxi
|
鼻頭
|
| Danyang
|
鼻頭
|
| Hangzhou
|
鼻頭, 鼻子
|
| Ningbo
|
鼻頭管
|
| Wenzhou
|
鼻頭
|
| Jinhua
|
鼻頭
|
| Jinhua (Tangxi)
|
鼻頭
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
鼻子
|
| Loudi
|
鼻頭
|
| Shuangfeng
|
鼻頭
|
| Quanzhou
|
鼻子
|
Dialectal synonyms of
鼻樑 (“bridge of the nose”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
頞
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
鼻樑
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
鼻樑兒
|
| Taiwan
|
鼻樑
|
| Harbin
|
鼻樑兒
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
鼻樑
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
鼻子樑兒
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
鼻樑
|
| Wanrong
|
鼻樑
|
| Xi'an
|
鼻樑子
|
| Xining
|
鼻樑, 鼻樑骨
|
| Xuzhou
|
鼻樑兒, 鼻樑子
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
鼻樑窪, 鼻樑子, 鼻樑兒
|
| Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)
|
鼻樑窪
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
鼻樑樑子
|
| Lanzhou
|
鼻樑骨
|
| Ürümqi
|
鼻樑子
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
鼻樑, 鼻樑骨
|
| Wuhan
|
鼻樑, 鼻山根, 山根, 鼻子
|
| Guiyang
|
鼻樑
|
| Liuzhou
|
鼻樑
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
鼻樑
|
| Yangzhou
|
鼻樑子, 鼻樑
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
鼻樑
|
| Hong Kong
|
鼻樑
|
| Taishan
|
鼻樑梗
|
| Dongguan
|
鼻樑
|
| Yangjiang
|
鼻樑棍
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
鼻樑
|
| Lichuan
|
鼻樑
|
| Pingxiang
|
鼻樑間, 鼻樑
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
鼻樑骨
|
| Yudu
|
鼻囊峎
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
鼻囊峎
|
| Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)
|
鼻囊峎
|
| Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)
|
鼻龍
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
鼻囊公
|
| Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)
|
鼻公頭, 鼻公樑
|
| Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)
|
八卦頭
|
| Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)
|
鼻樑
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
鼻空峎, 鼻囊峎
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
鼻公峎, 鼻公刀, 鼻峎, 鼻龍
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
鼻龍峎
|
| Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)
|
鼻龍
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
鼻樑, 鼻峎, 鼻龍峎
|
| Hong Kong
|
鼻樑峎
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
鼻樑子
|
| Xinzhou
|
鼻樑子
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
鼻樑
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
鼻花
|
| Fuqing
|
鼻樑
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
鼻腰, 鼻鞍, 鼻刀
|
| Quanzhou
|
鼻鞍, 鼻刀
|
| Jinjiang
|
鼻龍骨
|
| Zhangzhou
|
鼻刀
|
| Zhao'an
|
鼻心
|
| Taipei (Wanhua)
|
鼻岸
|
| New Taipei (Tamsui)
|
鼻龍, 鼻刀
|
| New Taipei (Pingxi)
|
鼻橐
|
| Kaohsiung
|
鼻刀, 鼻龍, 鼻管
|
| Kaohsiung (Cijin)
|
鼻刀
|
| Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
|
鼻橐
|
| Yilan
|
鼻龍
|
| Yilan (Luodong)
|
鼻龍
|
| Yilan (Toucheng)
|
鼻龍
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
鼻刀
|
| Taichung
|
鼻刀
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
鼻刀
|
| Tainan
|
鼻閬管
|
| Tainan (Anping)
|
鼻龍
|
| Taitung
|
鼻管
|
| Hsinchu
|
鼻龍
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
鼻管
|
| Penghu (Xiyu)
|
鼻龍
|
| Haikou
|
鼻樑
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
鼻頭
|
| Xianyou
|
鼻頭
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
鼻樑, 鼻樑橋
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
鼻樑
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
鼻樑筋
|
| Suzhou
|
鼻樑
|
| Danyang
|
鼻樑
|
| Hangzhou
|
鼻樑
|
| Ningbo
|
鼻頭樑
|
| Wenzhou
|
鼻頭樑
|
| Jinhua
|
鼻樑
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
鼻樑
|
| Loudi
|
鼻頭間間
|
Derived terms
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
(deprecated template usage)
