극난하다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
극난(極難) (geungnan) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɯŋna̠nɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [긍난하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geungnanhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geugnanhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŭngnanhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kuknan.hata |
Adjective[edit]
극난하다 • (geungnanhada) (infinitive 극난해 or 극난하여, sequential 극난하니)
- to be extremely difficult
- 1883, 아메노모리 호슈(雨森芳洲) [Amenomori Hōshū], “文式”, in 浦瀬裕, editor, 재간교린수지(再刊交隣須知) (Jaegan'gyorinsuji)NDL NLK, 外務省 edition, volume 3:
- 篆字 젼ᄌᆞ(篆字)는 고법(古法)이기에 알기 극난(極難)허오니
- cyenco cyenco-nun kwopep-iki-ey alki kuknanhewoni
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation[edit]
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 극난하다 geungnanhada |
극난해 geungnanhae |
극난해요 geungnanhaeyo |
극난합니다 geungnanhamnida |
| Past | 극난했다 geungnanhaetda |
극난했어 geungnanhaesseo |
극난했어요 geungnanhaesseoyo |
극난했습니다 geungnanhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 극난하냐 geungnanhanya |
극난해 geungnanhae |
극난해요 geungnanhaeyo |
극난합니까 geungnanhamnikka |
| Past | 극난했냐 geungnanhaennya |
극난했어 geungnanhaesseo |
극난했어요 geungnanhaesseoyo |
극난했습니까 geungnanhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 극난하겠다 geungnanhagetda |
극난하겠어 geungnanhagesseo |
극난하겠어요 geungnanhagesseoyo |
극난하겠습니다 geungnanhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 극난해 geungnanhae |
극난해서, 극난하여서 geungnanhaeseo, geungnanhayeoseo |
극난하니 geungnanhani |
극난하니까 geungnanhanikka | |
| Contrast | 극난하지만 geungnanhajiman |
극난한데 geungnanhande |
극난하더니 geungnanhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 극난하고 geungnanhago |
||||
| Condition | 극난하면 geungnanhamyeon |
극난해야, 극난하여야 geungnanhaeya, geungnanhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 극난함 geungnanham |
극난하기 geungnanhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 극난했음, 극난하였음 geungnanhaesseum, geungnanhayeosseum |
극난했기, 극난하였기 geungnanhaetgi, geungnanhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 극난한 geungnanhan | |||
| Future | 극난할 geungnanhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 극난하시다 geungnanhasida |
극난하셔 geungnanhasyeo |
극난하세요, 극난하셔요 geungnanhaseyo, geungnanhasyeoyo |
극난하십니다 geungnanhasimnida |
| Past | 극난하셨다 geungnanhasyeotda |
극난하셨어 geungnanhasyeosseo |
극난하셨어요 geungnanhasyeosseoyo |
극난하셨습니다 geungnanhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 극난하시냐 geungnanhasinya |
극난하셔 geungnanhasyeo |
극난하세요, 극난하셔요 geungnanhaseyo, geungnanhasyeoyo |
극난하십니까 geungnanhasimnikka |
| Past | 극난하셨냐 geungnanhasyeonnya |
극난하셨어 geungnanhasyeosseo |
극난하셨어요 geungnanhasyeosseoyo |
극난하셨습니까 geungnanhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 극난하시겠다 geungnanhasigetda |
극난하시겠어 geungnanhasigesseo |
극난하시겠어요 geungnanhasigesseoyo |
극난하시겠습니다 geungnanhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 극난하셔 geungnanhasyeo |
극난하셔서 geungnanhasyeoseo |
극난하시니 geungnanhasini |
극난하시니까 geungnanhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 극난하시지만 geungnanhasijiman |
극난하신데 geungnanhasinde |
극난하시더니 geungnanhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 극난하시고 geungnanhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 극난하시면 geungnanhasimyeon |
극난하셔야 geungnanhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 극난하심 geungnanhasim |
극난하시기 geungnanhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 극난하셨음 geungnanhasyeosseum |
극난하셨기 geungnanhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 극난하신 geungnanhasin | |||
| Future | 극난하실 geungnanhasil | ||||
Etymology 2[edit]
극난(克難) (geungnan) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɯŋna̠nɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [긍난하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geungnanhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geugnanhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŭngnanhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kuknan.hata |
Adjective[edit]
극난하다 • (geungnanhada) (infinitive 극난해 or 극난하여, sequential 극난하니)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Conjugation[edit]
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 극난하다 geungnanhada |
극난해 geungnanhae |
극난해요 geungnanhaeyo |
극난합니다 geungnanhamnida |
| Past | 극난했다 geungnanhaetda |
극난했어 geungnanhaesseo |
극난했어요 geungnanhaesseoyo |
극난했습니다 geungnanhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 극난하냐 geungnanhanya |
극난해 geungnanhae |
극난해요 geungnanhaeyo |
극난합니까 geungnanhamnikka |
| Past | 극난했냐 geungnanhaennya |
극난했어 geungnanhaesseo |
극난했어요 geungnanhaesseoyo |
극난했습니까 geungnanhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 극난하겠다 geungnanhagetda |
극난하겠어 geungnanhagesseo |
극난하겠어요 geungnanhagesseoyo |
극난하겠습니다 geungnanhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 극난해 geungnanhae |
극난해서, 극난하여서 geungnanhaeseo, geungnanhayeoseo |
극난하니 geungnanhani |
극난하니까 geungnanhanikka | |
| Contrast | 극난하지만 geungnanhajiman |
극난한데 geungnanhande |
극난하더니 geungnanhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 극난하고 geungnanhago |
||||
| Condition | 극난하면 geungnanhamyeon |
극난해야, 극난하여야 geungnanhaeya, geungnanhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 극난함 geungnanham |
극난하기 geungnanhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 극난했음, 극난하였음 geungnanhaesseum, geungnanhayeosseum |
극난했기, 극난하였기 geungnanhaetgi, geungnanhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 극난한 geungnanhan | |||
| Future | 극난할 geungnanhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 극난하시다 geungnanhasida |
극난하셔 geungnanhasyeo |
극난하세요, 극난하셔요 geungnanhaseyo, geungnanhasyeoyo |
극난하십니다 geungnanhasimnida |
| Past | 극난하셨다 geungnanhasyeotda |
극난하셨어 geungnanhasyeosseo |
극난하셨어요 geungnanhasyeosseoyo |
극난하셨습니다 geungnanhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 극난하시냐 geungnanhasinya |
극난하셔 geungnanhasyeo |
극난하세요, 극난하셔요 geungnanhaseyo, geungnanhasyeoyo |
극난하십니까 geungnanhasimnikka |
| Past | 극난하셨냐 geungnanhasyeonnya |
극난하셨어 geungnanhasyeosseo |
극난하셨어요 geungnanhasyeosseoyo |
극난하셨습니까 geungnanhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 극난하시겠다 geungnanhasigetda |
극난하시겠어 geungnanhasigesseo |
극난하시겠어요 geungnanhasigesseoyo |
극난하시겠습니다 geungnanhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 극난하셔 geungnanhasyeo |
극난하셔서 geungnanhasyeoseo |
극난하시니 geungnanhasini |
극난하시니까 geungnanhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 극난하시지만 geungnanhasijiman |
극난하신데 geungnanhasinde |
극난하시더니 geungnanhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 극난하시고 geungnanhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 극난하시면 geungnanhasimyeon |
극난하셔야 geungnanhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 극난하심 geungnanhasim |
극난하시기 geungnanhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 극난하셨음 geungnanhasyeosseum |
극난하셨기 geungnanhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 극난하신 geungnanhasin | |||
| Future | 극난하실 geungnanhasil | ||||