닫다

Korean

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ta̠t̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [닫따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	datda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	dadda
McCune–Reischauer?	tatta
Yale Romanization?	tat.ta

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 닫다 (Yale: tat.ta). Passive form: 닫히다 (dachida, “to be closed”). Compare 다물다 (damulda, “to shut (one's mouth)”).

Verb

닫다 • (datda) (infinitive 닫아, sequential 닫으니)

1. to close; to shut
2. (of business) to close; to close down, to shut down
3. to shut (one's mouth)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 닫다 (datda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	닫는다 danneunda	닫아 dada	닫아요 dadayo	닫습니다 datseumnida
	Past	닫았다 dadatda	닫았어 dadasseo	닫았어요 dadasseoyo	닫았습니다 dadatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	닫느냐 danneunya	닫아 dada	닫아요 dadayo	닫습니까 datseumnikka
	Past	닫았느냐 dadanneunya	닫았어 dadasseo	닫았어요 dadasseoyo	닫았습니까 dadatseumnikka
Hortative		닫자 datja	닫아 dada	닫아요 dadayo	닫으십시다 dadeusipsida
Imperative		닫아라 dadara	닫아 dada	닫아요 dadayo	닫읍시오 dadeupsio
Assertive		닫겠다 datgetda	닫겠어 datgesseo	닫겠어요 datgesseoyo	닫겠습니다 datgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		닫아 dada	닫아서 dadaseo	닫으니 dadeuni	닫으니까 dadeunikka
Contrast		닫지만 datjiman	닫는데 danneunde	닫더니 datdeoni
Conjunction		닫고 datgo
Condition		닫으면 dadeumyeon	닫아야 dadaya
Motive		닫으려고 dadeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		닫음 dadeum	닫기 datgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		닫았음 dadasseum	닫았기 dadatgi
Determiners	Past	닫은 dadeun
	Present	닫는 danneun
	Future	닫을 dadeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	닫으신다 dadeusinda	닫으셔 dadeusyeo	닫으세요, 닫으셔요 dadeuseyo, dadeusyeoyo	닫으십니다 dadeusimnida
	Past	닫으셨다 dadeusyeotda	닫으셨어 dadeusyeosseo	닫으셨어요 dadeusyeosseoyo	닫으셨습니다 dadeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	닫으시느냐 dadeusineunya	닫으셔 dadeusyeo	닫으세요, 닫으셔요 dadeuseyo, dadeusyeoyo	닫으십니까 dadeusimnikka
	Past	닫으셨느냐 dadeusyeonneunya	닫으셨어 dadeusyeosseo	닫으셨어요 dadeusyeosseoyo	닫으셨습니까 dadeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		닫으시라 dadeusira	닫으셔 dadeusyeo	닫으세요 dadeuseyo	닫으십시오 dadeusipsio
Assertive		닫으시겠다 dadeusigetda	닫으시겠어 dadeusigesseo	닫으시겠어요 dadeusigesseoyo	닫으시겠습니다 dadeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		닫으셔 dadeusyeo	닫으셔서 dadeusyeoseo	닫으시니 dadeusini	닫으시니까 dadeusinikka
Contrast		닫으시지만 dadeusijiman	닫으시는데 dadeusineunde	닫으시더니 dadeusideoni
Conjunction		닫으시고 dadeusigo
Condition		닫으시면 dadeusimyeon	닫으셔야 dadeusyeoya
Motive		닫으시려고 dadeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		닫으심 dadeusim	닫으시기 dadeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		닫으셨음 dadeusyeosseum	닫으셨기 dadeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	닫으신 dadeusin
	Present	닫으시는 dadeusineun
	Future	닫으실 dadeusil

Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆮ다 (Yale: tot.ta).

Miller (1996) argued that this was from Altaic *tär₂- (compare Old Turkic täz-, Chuvash tar-, Mongolian tergele-). Starostin (2003, pg. 1466) connected this to Altaic *t`otá-, whence also Tungus-Manchu *tut[a]- ("to run") (whence Evenki tutu- ("to crawl away")) and Japanese 漂(ただよ)う (tadayō, “to float”). The very concept of Proto-Altaic is, however, controversial.

Causative form: 달리다 (dallida, “to run”).

Verb

닫다 • (datda) (irregular, infinitive 달아, sequential 달으니)

1. to run, to rush

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 닫다 (datda): consonant-stem, ㄷ(d)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	닫는다 danneunda	달아 dara	달아요 darayo	닫습니다 datseumnida
	Past	달았다 daratda	달았어 darasseo	달았어요 darasseoyo	달았습니다 daratseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	닫느냐 danneunya	달아 dara	달아요 darayo	닫습니까 datseumnikka
	Past	달았느냐 daranneunya	달았어 darasseo	달았어요 darasseoyo	달았습니까 daratseumnikka
Hortative		닫자 datja	달아 dara	달아요 darayo	달으십시다 dareusipsida
Imperative		달아라 darara	달아 dara	달아요 darayo	달읍시오 dareupsio
Assertive		닫겠다 datgetda	닫겠어 datgesseo	닫겠어요 datgesseoyo	닫겠습니다 datgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		달아 dara	달아서 daraseo	달으니 dareuni	달으니까 dareunikka
Contrast		닫지만 datjiman	닫는데 danneunde	닫더니 datdeoni
Conjunction		닫고 datgo
Condition		달으면 dareumyeon	달아야 daraya
Motive		달으려고 dareuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		달음 dareum	닫기 datgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		달았음 darasseum	달았기 daratgi
Determiners	Past	달은 dareun
	Present	닫는 danneun
	Future	달을 dareul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	달으신다 dareusinda	달으셔 dareusyeo	달으세요, 달으셔요 dareuseyo, dareusyeoyo	달으십니다 dareusimnida
	Past	달으셨다 dareusyeotda	달으셨어 dareusyeosseo	달으셨어요 dareusyeosseoyo	달으셨습니다 dareusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	달으시느냐 dareusineunya	달으셔 dareusyeo	달으세요, 달으셔요 dareuseyo, dareusyeoyo	달으십니까 dareusimnikka
	Past	달으셨느냐 dareusyeonneunya	달으셨어 dareusyeosseo	달으셨어요 dareusyeosseoyo	달으셨습니까 dareusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		달으시라 dareusira	달으셔 dareusyeo	달으세요 dareuseyo	달으십시오 dareusipsio
Assertive		달으시겠다 dareusigetda	달으시겠어 dareusigesseo	달으시겠어요 dareusigesseoyo	달으시겠습니다 dareusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		달으셔 dareusyeo	달으셔서 dareusyeoseo	달으시니 dareusini	달으시니까 dareusinikka
Contrast		달으시지만 dareusijiman	달으시는데 dareusineunde	달으시더니 dareusideoni
Conjunction		달으시고 dareusigo
Condition		달으시면 dareusimyeon	달으셔야 dareusyeoya
Motive		달으시려고 dareusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		달으심 dareusim	달으시기 dareusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		달으셨음 dareusyeosseum	달으셨기 dareusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	달으신 dareusin
	Present	달으시는 dareusineun
	Future	달으실 dareusil

References

• Miller, Roy Andrew. Languages and History: Japanese, Korean, and Altaic. Oslo: Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, 1996.