πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπƒ (aggwus) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan), or from Proto-Germanic *ga-angwijanΔ…

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈaΕ‹Ι‘wjan/

Verb[edit]

πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gaaggwjan)

  1. to distress
    • 2 Corinthians 4:8:
      𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 πŒΈπ‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ, 𐌰𐌺𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ; πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ±πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ, 𐌰𐌺𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹 πŒ°π†πƒπŒ»πŒ°πŒΏπŒΈπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ
      in allamma ΓΎraihanai, akei ni gaaggwidai; andbitanai, akei ni afslauΓΎidai
      We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; (KJV)

Conjugation[edit]

Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gaaggwjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°
gaaggwja 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gaaggwida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gaaggwjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gaaggweis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gaaggwidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gaaggwjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaaggweiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gaaggwida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gaaggwjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gaaggwjōs 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gaaggwidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gaaggwjats 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gaaggwidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gaaggwjam 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gaaggwidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaaggwjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaaggweiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gaaggwidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaaggwjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gaaggwjand 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gaaggwidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaaggwjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gaaggwjais 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gaaggwidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gaaggwjai 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gaaggwidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gaaggwjaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gaaggwidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gaaggwjaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gaaggwidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gaaggwjaima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gaaggwidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gaaggwjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaaggwidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gaaggwjaina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gaaggwidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉ
gaaggwei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gaaggwjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaaggweiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaaggwjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gaaggwjands 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gaaggwiΓΎs

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 2
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