𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ *𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*þwasts) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈθwastjan/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gaþwastjan) (perfective)

1. to establish, make firm
   • 2 Corinthians 1:21:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍃𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌿𐌸

     aþþan sa gaþwastjands uns miþ izwis in xristau jah salbōnds uns guþ

     Now he which stablisheth us with you in Christ, and hath anointed us, is God (KJV)

2. to restore
   • Galatians 6:1:

     𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂𐌾𐌿𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐍈𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴, 𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃, 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌿𐌺 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽, 𐌹𐌱𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌿 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿.

     brōþrjus, jabai gafahaidau manna in ƕizai missadēdē, jus þai ahmeinans gaþwastjaiþ þana swaleikana in ahmin qairreins, andsaiƕands þuk silban, iba jah þu fraisaizau.

     Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted. (KJV)

3. (passive voice) to be strong
   • 1 Corinthians 16:13:

     𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌷 𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹, 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸.

     wakaiþ standaiduh in galaubeinai, wairaleikō taujaiþ, gaþwastidai sijaiþ.

     Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 gaþwastjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰 gaþwastja	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 gaþwastida	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaþwastjada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaþwasteis	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gaþwastidēs	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gaþwastjaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaþwasteiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 gaþwastida	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gaþwastjada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐍉𐍃 gaþwastjōs	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gaþwastidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaþwastjats	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gaþwastidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌼 gaþwastjam	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gaþwastidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaþwastjanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaþwasteiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gaþwastidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaþwastjanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gaþwastjand	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gaþwastidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gaþwastjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjau	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gaþwastidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gaþwastjais	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaþwastidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹 gaþwastjai	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gaþwastidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaþwastjaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaþwastidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaþwastjaits	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaþwastidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaþwastjaima	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaþwastidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaþwastjaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaþwastidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaþwastjaina	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaþwastidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹 gaþwastei
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaþwastjats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaþwasteiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþwastjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gaþwastjands	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌸𐍃 gaþwastiþs

Related terms

• 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌸𐌰 (þwastiþa)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 152