𐭪𐭫𐭲

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

• 𐭪𐭥𐭲 (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 (-krty /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (-klty /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/) — Inscriptional Pahlavi
• [script needed] (-krt' /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/) — Book Pahlavi
• -𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (-gyrd) — Manichaean

Etymology

From Old Persian [script needed] (-kṛta, “made, done”) (compare [script needed] (duškṛta, “ill-done”)), from [script needed] (kar-, “to do, make, build”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kar- (“to do, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”); see کردن (kardan) for more. Compare Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”), an Old Iranian borrowing.

Akin to Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕 (dstkrt /⁠dastgird⁠/, “estate”), 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭊𐭓𐭕 (ḥštrkrt /⁠Šahrgird⁠/, “a Sasanian fortress”), Manichaean Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 (rxsyntʾykyrδ /⁠əraxsinder-kird⁠/, “Alexandria in Roman Egypt”), and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”), դաստ-ա-կերտ (dast-a-kert, “possession, property; building, village”, literally “handmade”), ձեռ-ա-կերտ (jeṙ-a-kert, “manufacture”), Տիգրան-ա-կերտ (Tigran-a-kert, “Tigranocerta”, literally “founded by Tigran”), Խոսրով-ա-կերտ (Xosrov-a-kert, literally “founded by Khosrov”), Ալաշկերտ (Alaškert), Մանազկերտ (Manazkert), Մանաւազակերտ (Manawazakert), Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért), Turkish Malazgirt.

Suffix

𐭪𐭫𐭲 • (-klt /-kirt, -gird/)

1. (literally) made by
   1. suffix forming city names

Derived terms

• 𐫅𐫘𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (dstygyrd), [Book Pahlavi needed] (YDEkrt'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dstkrt'), 𐭣𐭮𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭲 (dstklt /⁠dast(a)gird⁠/, “estate”)
• [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlxsyndrgyrd /⁠Alaxsindargird⁠/, “Alexandria in Roman Egypt”)
• [Book Pahlavi needed] (plʾhwklt /⁠Frāxkard⁠/)
• [Book Pahlavi needed] (plškrt' /⁠fraš(a)gird⁠/)
• 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭪𐭥𐭲 (štrkrty /⁠Šahrgird⁠/, “Sasanian fortress”)
• 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (yzdklty /⁠Yazdgird⁠/), 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 (yzdkrty /⁠Yazdgird⁠/, “Yazdegerd”, literally “made by god”)

Borrowed terms

• → Arabic: جرد (-jird) (transliteration)
• → Old Armenian: -կերտ (-kert)

Descendants

• Persian: گرد (-gerd, -gard), جرد (-jerd)
  • دستجرد (Dastjerd), دستگرد (Dastgerd, “Dastgerd”)
  • سوسنگرد (Susangerd, “Susangerd”)
  • دارابگرد (Dârâbgard, “Darabgard”)
  • بروجرد (Borujerd, “Boroujerd”)
  • بهرامجرد (Bahrâmjerd, “Bahramjerd”)
  • ولوگرد (Valugerd), ولوجرد (Valujerd, “Valujerd”)
  • بشاگرد (Bašâgard, “Bashagard”)
  • ملازگرد (Malâzgerd, “Malazgirt”)
  • طغرلجرد (Toğroljerd)
  • راهجرد (Râhjerd)
  • سامانجرد (Sâmânjerd)
  • بارانگرد (Bârângerd)
  • بختاجرد
  • بزنجرد
  • ولازجرد (Valâzjerd)
  • بهجرد (Behjerd)
  • انجرد (Anjerd)
  • ساسانجرد (Sâsânjerd)
  • شاپورگرد (Šâpurgerd)
  • مهرجرد (Mehrjerd, “a village and fort”)
  • سیاوش گرد (Siyâvash gerd) attested in Shahnameh
  • *آزادگرد (*Âzâdgerd), attested as اَزَادْجِرْد (azādjird) in al-Istakhri's al-masalik wa al-mamalik
  • ایران گرده (Irân Girda/Garda?), ایران کرده (Irân Karda?, “Minar of Firuzabad?”, literally “made by Aryans?”) (hapax in Fars-Nama of Ibn al-Bakhi)