𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂
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See also: 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Pronoun
[edit]𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
- Brahmi script form of tumhe, which is nominative/accusative plural of 𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀁 (tvaṃ, “you”)
Prakrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 𑀢𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (tubbhe) — Ardhamāgadhī
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit युष्मे (yuṣme, locative of युष्मद् (yuṣmad, “you all”)), with the initial consonant replaced by that of त्वम् (tvám, whence 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ)). Attested c. 268-232 BCE in Middle Indo-Aryan as Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe). Cognate with Pali tumhe.
Pronoun
[edit]𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe) (Devanagari तुम्हे, Kannada ತುಮ್ಹೇ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
- you all; second-person plural personal pronoun
Declension
[edit]| Maharastri declension of 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | — | 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe) |
| Accusative | — | 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe) |
| Instrumental | — | 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (tumhehiṃ) |
| Dative | — | — |
| Ablative | — | 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (tumhehiṃto) |
| Genitive | — | 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (tumhāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | — | 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (tumhesu) |
| Vocative | — | — |
| Note: Many of these forms may be unattested. | ||
Descendants
[edit]- Gujarati: તમે (tame)
- Konkani: तुमि (tumi)
- Old Marathi:
- Marathi: तुम्ही (tumhī)
- Punjabi: ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusī̃)
- Romani: tumen, tume
- Sauraseni Apabhramsa: तुम्हि (tumhi)
References
[edit]- E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa[1], London: Trübner & Co., page 153
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 300
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 39.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yuṣmad”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press