𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂

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Pali

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Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)

  1. Brahmi script form of tumhe, which is nominative/accusative plural of 𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀁 (tvaṃ, you)

Prakrit

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit युष्मे (yuṣme, locative of युष्मद् (yuṣmad, you all)), with the initial consonant replaced by that of त्वम् (tvám, whence 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ)). Attested c. 268-232 BCE in Middle Indo-Aryan as Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe). Cognate with Pali tumhe.

Pronoun

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𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe) (Devanagari तुम्हे, Kannada ತುಮ್ಹೇ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)

  1. you all; second-person plural personal pronoun

Declension

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Maharastri declension of 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂
Singular Plural
Nominative 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
Accusative 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)
Instrumental 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (tumhehiṃ)
Dative
Ablative 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (tumhehiṃto)
Genitive 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (tumhāṇaṃ)
Locative 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀲𑀼 (tumhesu)
Vocative
Note: Many of these forms may be unattested.

Descendants

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References

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  • E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa[1], London: Trübner & Co., page 153
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 300
  • Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 39.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yuṣmad”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press