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-ès

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"

Catalan

Alternative forms

-és (Valencia)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin -ēnsis (compare Occitan -és, Portuguese -ês, French -ais, Spanish -és, Italian -ese).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈɛs]
IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈəs]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈes]

Suffix

-ès (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esa, masculine plural -esos, feminine plural -eses)

-ese; forms an adjective with the meaning of “pertinent thereto”

Suffix

-ès m (noun-forming suffix, plural -esos, feminine -esa)

-ese; forms a noun with the meaning of “an inhabitant thereof”

Suffix

-ès m (noun-forming suffix, uncountable)

-ese; forms a proper noun with the meaning of “the language used by the inhabitants thereof”

Usage notes

Unlike English, where the capitalization of the proper noun is retained when a suffix is added, in Catalan, when this suffix is used with a place name, the capitalization is dropped, even when forming a language name that is itself a proper noun. Hence Irlanda (“Ireland”) + -ès yields irlandès not *Irlandès.

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -ès

Etymology 2

From -istis, the second person plural ending for the present perfect indicative ending.

Suffix

-ès

Used to form the second person plural preterite indicative of second-conjugation verbs

Usage notes

This form fell out of use, being largely replaced by the analogical ending -éreu.

Yola

Alternative forms

-es, -s

Etymology

From Middle English -es, from Old English -as, nominative-accusative plural ending of masculine a-stem (i.e. strong) declension nouns, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs, *‑ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending). Cognate with English -s (plural noun ending).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-s/

Suffix

-ès

Used to form the regular plural of nouns.

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