-hkia

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: HKIA

Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Re-extraction from -kaa verbs (such as puhkaa) +‎ -ia

Suffix[edit]

-hkia (front vowel harmony variant -hkiä, stem -hki-, linguistic notation -hki- or -hkiA)

  1. Forms certain descriptive verbs.
    voih (oh) + ‎-hkia → ‎voihkia (to moan)
    röh (oink) + ‎-hkia → ‎röhkiä (to oink, make pig noises)

Conjugation[edit]

Inflection of -hkia (Kotus type 61/sallia, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -hkin en -hki 1st sing. olen -hkinut en ole -hkinut
2nd sing. -hkit et -hki 2nd sing. olet -hkinut et ole -hkinut
3rd sing. -hkii ei -hki 3rd sing. on -hkinut ei ole -hkinut
1st plur. -hkimme emme -hki 1st plur. olemme -hkineet emme ole -hkineet
2nd plur. -hkitte ette -hki 2nd plur. olette -hkineet ette ole -hkineet
3rd plur. -hkivat eivät -hki 3rd plur. ovat -hkineet eivät ole -hkineet
passive -hkitaan ei -hkita passive on -hkittu ei ole -hkittu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -hkin en -hkinut 1st sing. olin -hkinut en ollut -hkinut
2nd sing. -hkit et -hkinut 2nd sing. olit -hkinut et ollut -hkinut
3rd sing. -hki ei -hkinut 3rd sing. oli -hkinut ei ollut -hkinut
1st plur. -hkimme emme -hkineet 1st plur. olimme -hkineet emme olleet -hkineet
2nd plur. -hkitte ette -hkineet 2nd plur. olitte -hkineet ette olleet -hkineet
3rd plur. -hkivat eivät -hkineet 3rd plur. olivat -hkineet eivät olleet -hkineet
passive -hkittiin ei -hkittu passive oli -hkittu ei ollut -hkittu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -hkisin en -hkisi 1st sing. olisin -hkinut en olisi -hkinut
2nd sing. -hkisit et -hkisi 2nd sing. olisit -hkinut et olisi -hkinut
3rd sing. -hkisi ei -hkisi 3rd sing. olisi -hkinut ei olisi -hkinut
1st plur. -hkisimme emme -hkisi 1st plur. olisimme -hkineet emme olisi -hkineet
2nd plur. -hkisitte ette -hkisi 2nd plur. olisitte -hkineet ette olisi -hkineet
3rd plur. -hkisivat eivät -hkisi 3rd plur. olisivat -hkineet eivät olisi -hkineet
passive -hkittaisiin ei -hkittaisi passive olisi -hkittu ei olisi -hkittu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. 1st sing.
2nd sing. -hki älä -hki 2nd sing.
3rd sing. -hkikoon älköön -hkiko 3rd sing. olkoon -hkinut älköön olko -hkinut
1st plur. -hkikaamme älkäämme -hkiko 1st plur.
2nd plur. -hkikaa älkää -hkiko 2nd plur.
3rd plur. -hkikoot älkööt -hkiko 3rd plur. olkoot -hkineet älkööt olko -hkineet
passive -hkittakoon älköön -hkittako passive olkoon -hkittu älköön olko -hkittu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -hkinen en -hkine 1st sing. lienen -hkinut en liene -hkinut
2nd sing. -hkinet et -hkine 2nd sing. lienet -hkinut et liene -hkinut
3rd sing. -hkinee ei -hkine 3rd sing. lienee -hkinut ei liene -hkinut
1st plur. -hkinemme emme -hkine 1st plur. lienemme -hkineet emme liene -hkineet
2nd plur. -hkinette ette -hkine 2nd plur. lienette -hkineet ette liene -hkineet
3rd plur. -hkinevat eivät -hkine 3rd plur. lienevät -hkineet eivät liene -hkineet
passive -hkittaneen ei -hkittane passive lienee -hkittu ei liene -hkittu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st -hkia present -hkiva -hkittava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -hkiakseni -hkiaksemme
2nd -hkiaksesi -hkiaksenne
3rd -hkiakseen
-hkiaksensa
past -hkinut -hkittu
2nd inessive2 -hkiessa -hkittaessa agent3 -hkima
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -hkiessani -hkiessamme
2nd -hkiessasi -hkiessanne
3rd -hkiessaan
-hkiessansa
negative -hkimaton
instructive -hkien 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

3rd inessive -hkimassa
elative -hkimasta
illative -hkimaan
adessive -hkimalla
abessive -hkimatta
instructive -hkiman -hkittaman
4th4 verbal noun -hkiminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -hkimaisillani -hkimaisillamme
2nd -hkimaisillasi -hkimaisillanne
3rd -hkimaisillaan
-hkimaisillansa

Derived terms[edit]