-ked
Hungarian
Etymology
Either from -k (“instantaneous suffix”) + -d (“frequentative suffix”), or from the suffix -kedik.[1]
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ked
- (frequentative suffix) Added to a monosyllabic verb to form a new verb expressing repetitive action. No longer productive.
Conjugation
conjugation of -ked
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -kedek | -kedsz | -ked | -kedünk | -kedtek | -kednek | |
| Def. | -kedem | -keded | -kedi | -kedjük | -keditek | -kedik | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedlek | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | -kedtem | -kedtél | -kedett | -kedtünk | -kedtetek | -kedtek | ||
| Def. | -kedtem | -kedted | -kedte | -kedtük | -kedtétek | -kedték | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedtelek | ― | |||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -kedni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -kedék | -kedél | -kede | -kedénk | -kedétek | -kedének | ||
| Def. | -kedém | -kedéd | -kedé | -kedénk | -kedétek | -kedék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedélek | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -ked vala, -kedett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -kedendek | -kedendesz | -kedend | -kedendünk | -kedendetek | -kedendenek | ||
| Def. | -kedendem | -kedended | -kedendi | -kedendjük | -kedenditek | -kedendik | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedendelek | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -kednék | -kednél | -kedne | -kednénk | -kednétek | -kednének | |
| Def. | -kedném | -kednéd | -kedné | -kednénk (or -kednők) |
-kednétek | -kednék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kednélek | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -kedett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -kedjek | -kedj or -kedjél |
-kedjen | -kedjünk | -kedjetek | -kedjenek | |
| Def. | -kedjem | -kedd or -kedjed |
-kedje | -kedjük | -kedjétek | -kedjék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedjelek | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -kedett légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -kedni | -kednem | -kedned | -kednie | -kednünk | -kednetek | -kedniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -kedés | -kedő | -kedett | -kedendő | -kedve (-kedvén) | |||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of -ked
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -kedhetek | -kedhetsz | -kedhet | -kedhetünk | -kedhettek | -kedhetnek | |
| Def. | -kedhetem | -kedheted | -kedheti | -kedhetjük | -kedhetitek | -kedhetik | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedhetlek | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | -kedhettem | -kedhettél | -kedhetett | -kedhettünk | -kedhettetek | -kedhettek | ||
| Def. | -kedhettem | -kedhetted | -kedhette | -kedhettük | -kedhettétek | -kedhették | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedhettelek | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -kedheték | -kedhetél | -kedhete | -kedheténk | -kedhetétek | -kedhetének | ||
| Def. | -kedhetém | -kedhetéd | -kedheté | -kedheténk | -kedhetétek | -kedheték | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedhetélek | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -kedhet vala, -kedhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -kedhetendek or -kedandhatok |
-kedhetendesz or -kedandhatsz |
-kedhetend or -kedandhat |
-kedhetendünk or -kedandhatunk |
-kedhetendetek or -kedandhattok |
-kedhetendenek or -kedandhatnak | ||
| Def. | -kedhetendem or -kedandhatom |
-kedhetended or -kedandhatod |
-kedhetendi or -kedandhatja |
-kedhetendjük or -kedandhatjuk |
-kedhetenditek or -kedandhatjátok |
-kedhetendik or -kedandhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedhetendelek or -kedandhatlak |
― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -kedhetnék | -kedhetnél | -kedhetne | -kedhetnénk | -kedhetnétek | -kedhetnének | |
| Def. | -kedhetném | -kedhetnéd | -kedhetné | -kedhetnénk (or -kedhetnők) |
-kedhetnétek | -kedhetnék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedhetnélek | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -kedhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -kedhessek | -kedhess or -kedhessél |
-kedhessen | -kedhessünk | -kedhessetek | -kedhessenek | |
| Def. | -kedhessem | -kedhesd or -kedhessed |
-kedhesse | -kedhessük | -kedhessétek | -kedhessék | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -kedhesselek | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -kedhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-kedhetni) | (-kedhetnem) | (-kedhetned) | (-kedhetnie) | (-kedhetnünk) | (-kedhetnetek) | (-kedhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | -kedhető | Neg. adj. | -kedhetetlen | Adv. part. | (-kedhetve / -kedhetvén) | ||||
Usage notes
- (frequentative suffix) Harmonic variants:
Derived terms
See also
References
- ^ -ked in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)