-ёный

See also: -еный

Russian

Alternative forms

• -аный (-anyj), -еный (-enyj)

Etymology

Compare the past-passive-participle suffix -ённый (-jónnyj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʲɵnɨj]

Suffix

-ёный • (-jónyj)

1. Suffix used to form passive-participle-like adjectives from verbs that normally form past passive participles in -ённый (-jónnyj).

   ‎вари́ть (varítʹ, “to boil”) + ‎-ёный (-jónyj) → ‎варёный (varjónyj, “boiled”)

   ‎плести́ (plestí, “to weave”) + ‎-ёный (-jónyj) → ‎плетёный (pletjónyj, “(relational) wicker”)

   ‎учи́ть (učítʹ, “to teach”) + ‎-ёный (-jónyj) → ‎учёный (učónyj, “learned”)

Usage notes

For most such adjectives, short forms in -ён (-jón), -ёна (-jóna), -ёно (-jóno), -ёны (-jóny) exist theoretically, but are usually avoided due to ambiguity with the short forms of the corresponding past passive participle in -ённый (-jónnyj) (in the case of -ёна (-jóna), -ёно (-jóno), -ёны (-jóny) the ambiguity is with colloquial forms; the corresponding standard short forms for participles in -ённый (-jónnyj) are -ена́ (-ená), -ено́ (-enó), -ены́ (-ený)). However, this doesn't apply to some adjectives, e.g. учёный (učónyj), where the short forms are in normal use.

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ёный

See also

• -лый (-lyj) (used to form similar adjectives from intransitive verbs)