Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis: difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 02:08, 27 July 2015

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From Lua error in Module:affix/templates at line 130: The |lang= parameter is not used by this template. Place the language code in parameter 1 instead.. The reconstruction the underlying root is heavily debated. Beekes, De Vaan, and Derksen all reconstruct *weh₁i-, each using the oblique, zero-grade stem (*uh₁i-ti-) as the etymon for the Hellenic, Italic, and Balto-Slavic branches respectively. Fortson agrees that the oblique, zero-grade stems of many nouns in *-tis and *-tus were generalized in Indo-Aryan, Hellenic, and many other branches. Other examples include:

*bʰértis > *bʰŕ̥tis → Old Armenian բարդ (bard), Celtic *britis (Old Irish brith, Middle Welsh bryd), Germanic *gaburþiz, Italic *forts (Latin fors), Sanskrit भृति (bhr̥tí)
*pértus > *pŕ̥tus → Celtic *ɸritus (Brythonic *rïd), Germanic *furduz, Iranian *pr̥tu- (Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu)), Italic *portus

Matasović instead reconstructs *weyh₁-, pointing out that, in Celtic, a laryngeal is lost after the diphthong -ey- and before a consonant (/eyHC/ → /eyC/) and also that -ey- regular becomes -ē-. However, given the evidence of other Celtic nouns derived from *-tis and *-tus (*bʰértis > *britis, *ǵéwstus > *gustus, *pértus > *ɸritus), Celtic also appears to favor the zero-grade for these nouns, making the reconstruction *wéyh₁tis untenable. It is unclear whether *uh₁ítis regularly gives Celtic *wētis, but the *wih₁-, the zero-grade of *weyh₁-, certainly also would not.

the LIV in turn reconstructs *wyeh₁- for the verbs meaning “to wrap, to twine” (Latin vieō, Sanskrit व्ययति (vyáyati), Slavic *viti); though De Vaan rejects this.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Noun

^{The template Template:ine-noun does not use the parameter(s): 2=*uh₁itéy-
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

*wéh₁itis f

that which twines or bends
branch, switch

Declension

Proterokinetic inflection.

Inflection of *wéh₁itis
	singular	dual	Plural
Nominative	*wéh₁itis	*wéh₁itih₁	*wéh₁iteyes
Vocative	*wéh₁iti	*wéh₁itih₁	*wéh₁iteyes
Accusative	*wéh₁itim	*wéh₁itih₁	*wéh₁itins
Instrumental	*uh₁itíh₁	?	*uh₁itíbʰi
Dative	*uh₁itéyey	?	*uh₁itímos
Ablative	*uh₁itéys	?	*uh₁itímos
Genitive	*uh₁itéys	?	*uh₁itéyoHom
Locative	*uh₁itéy / uh₁itḗy	?	*uh₁itísu

Related terms

*wéh₁itus^[1]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Baltic:
    - Old Prussian: witwan^[9]
  - Slavic:
    - Old Church Slavonic: вѣтвь (větvĭ)
      - Russian: ветвь (vetvʹ), ві́твіна (vítvina)
- Hellenic: *wítus
  - Ancient Greek: ἴτῠς (ítus)
    - Aeolic Greek: ϝῐ́τῠς (wítus)

Descendants

(From generalized zero-grade *uh₁ítis)

Balto-Slavic: *wʔitis^[2]^[3]
- Baltic:
  - Lithuanian: výtis, vytìs^[3]
- Slavic: *vitь^[2]
  - East Slavic:
    - Russian: вить (vitʹ)
  - West Slavic:
    - Slovincian: vjĩc
  - South Slavic:
    - Serbo-Croatian:
      - Cyrillic: па̏вит (pȁvit)
      - Latin: pȁvit
    - Slovene: vȋt
Celtic: *wētis^[5]
- Brittonic:
  - Middle Breton: gueden
    - Breton: gwedenn
  - Old Cornish: guiden
    - Middle Cornish: gusen
  - Middle Welsh: gwyden, gwden
- Goidelic:
  - Middle Irish: féith
    - Irish: féith
Germanic: *wiþiz (< generalized zero-grade *uh₁i-ti-)
Italic: *wītis (< generalized zero-grade *uh₁i-ti-)^[8]
- Latin: vītis

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἴτυς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 605
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Derksen, Rick (2008) chapter 523, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 522
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “vytis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 508
^ “§6.42. i- and u- stems” in Benjamin W. Fortson (2009) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford (ISBN 1444359681), pages 112-113.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wēti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 418
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯i̯eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vieō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 677
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vītis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 683-684
^ Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎^[1] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius

[Beekes-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἴτυς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 605

[D2008-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Derksen, Rick (2008) chapter 523, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 522

[D2015-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “vytis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 508

[4] “§6.42. i- and u- stems” in Benjamin W. Fortson (2009) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford (ISBN 1444359681), pages 112-113.

[Matasovic-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wēti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 418

[6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯i̯eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vieō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 677

[De_Vaan-8] 8.0 ^8.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vītis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 683-684

[9] Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎^[1] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ===Etymology===
+From {{suffix|*weh₁i-|*tis|t1=to twine, wind|pos=noun|lang=ine-pro}}. The reconstruction the underlying root is heavily debated. Beekes, De Vaan, and Derksen all reconstruct {{m|ine-pro||*weh₁i-}}, each using the oblique, zero-grade stem ({{m|ine-pro||*uh₁i-ti-}}) as the etymon for the Hellenic, Italic, and Balto-Slavic branches respectively. Fortson agrees that the oblique, zero-grade stems of many nouns in {{m|ine-pro|*-tis}} and {{m|ine-pro|*-tus}} were generalized in Indo-Aryan, Hellenic, and many other branches. Other examples include:
-{{suffix|*wey-|*tis|t1=to twine, wind|pos=noun|lang=ine-pro}}
+* {{m|ine-pro|*bʰértis}} > {{m|ine-pro||*bʰŕ̥tis}} → Old Armenian {{m|xcl|բարդ}}, Celtic {{m|cel-pro|*britis}} (Old Irish {{m|sga|brith}}, Middle Welsh {{m|wlm|bryd}}), Germanic {{m|gem-pro|*gaburþiz}}, Italic {{m|itc-pro|*forts}} (Latin {{m|la|fors}}), Sanskrit {{m|sa|भृति|tr=bhr̥tí}}
+* {{m|ine-pro|*pértus}} > {{m|ine-pro||*pŕ̥tus}} → Celtic {{m|cel-pro|*ɸritus}} (Brythonic {{l|cel-bry-pro|*rïd}}), Germanic {{m|gem-pro|*furduz}}, Iranian {{m|iir-pro|*pr̥tu-}} (Avestan {{l|ae|𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎}}), Italic {{m|itc-pro|*portus}}
+Matasović instead reconstructs {{m|ine-pro||*weyh₁-}}, pointing out that, in Celtic, a laryngeal is lost after the diphthong -''ey''- and before a consonant (/eyHC/ → /eyC/) and also that -''ey''- regular becomes -''ē''-. However, given the evidence of other Celtic nouns derived from  {{m|ine-pro|*-tis}} and {{m|ine-pro|*-tus}} ({{m|ine-pro|*bʰértis}} > {{m|cel-pro|*britis}}, {{m|ine-pro|*ǵéwstus}} > {{m|cel-pro|*gustus}}, {{m|ine-pro|*pértus}} > {{m|cel-pro|*ɸritus}}), Celtic also appears to favor the zero-grade for these nouns, making the reconstruction {{m|ine-pro||*wéyh₁tis}} untenable. It is unclear whether {{m|ine-pro||*uh₁ítis}} regularly gives Celtic {{m|cel-pro|*wētis}}, but the {{m|ine-pro||*wih₁-}}, the zero-grade of {{m|ine-pro||*weyh₁-}}, certainly also would not.
+the LIV in turn reconstructs {{m|ine-pro||*wyeh₁-}} for the verbs meaning “to wrap, to twine” (Latin {{m|la|vieō}}, Sanskrit {{l|sa|व्ययति|tr=vyáyati}}, Slavic {{m|sla-pro|*viti}}); though De Vaan rejects this.<ref name="Beekes">{{R:grc:Beekes|head=ἴτυς|page=605|volume=I}}</ref><ref name="D2008">{{R:Derksen 2008|522|523|head=*vitь}}</ref><ref name="D2015">{{R:Derksen 2015|508|head=vytis}}</ref><ref>“§6.42. ''i''- and ''u''- stems” in Benjamin W. Fortson ('''2009''') ''Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction'', Oxford (ISBN 1444359681), pages 112-113.</ref><ref name="Matasovic">{{R:cel:Matasovic 2009|head=*wēti-|418}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIV|695|head=*u̯i̯eh₁-}}</ref><ref>{{R:De Vaan 2008|head=vieō|pages=677}}</ref><ref name="De Vaan">{{R:De Vaan 2008|head=vītis|pages=683-684}}</ref>
 ===Noun===
-{{ine-noun|f|*witéy-}}
+{{ine-noun|f|*uh₁itéy-}}
 # that which twines or bends
@@ Line 15: / Line 21: @@
 Proterokinetic inflection.
 {{ine-decl-noun
-| *wéytis | *wéytih₁ | *wéyteyes
+| *wéh₁itis | *wéh₁itih₁ | *wéh₁iteyes
-| *wéyti | *wéytih₁ | *wéyteyes
+| *wéh₁iti | *wéh₁itih₁ | *wéh₁iteyes
-| *wéytim | *wéytih₁ | *wéytins
+| *wéh₁itim | *wéh₁itih₁ | *wéh₁itins
-| *witíh₁ | ? | *witíbʰi
+| *uh₁itíh₁ | ? | *uh₁itíbʰi
-| *witéyey | ? | *witímos
+| *uh₁itéyey | ? | *uh₁itímos
-| *witéys | ? | *witímos
+| *uh₁itéys | ? | *uh₁itímos
-| *witéys | ? | *witéyoHom
+| *uh₁itéys | ? | *uh₁itéyoHom
-| *witéy / witḗy | ? | *witísu
+| *uh₁itéy / uh₁itḗy | ? | *uh₁itísu
 }}
+====Related terms====
+* {{m|ine-pro|*wéh₁itus}}<ref name="Beekes"/>
+** Balto-Slavic:
+*** Baltic:
+**** Old Prussian: {{l|prg|witwan}}<ref>{{R:prg:Mažiulis}}</ref>
+*** Slavic:
+**** Old Church Slavonic: {{l|cu|вѣтвь}}
+***** Russian: {{l|ru|ветвь}}, {{l|ru|ві́твіна}}
+** Hellenic: {{l|grk-pro|*wítus}}
+*** Ancient Greek: {{l|grc|ἴτῠς}}
+**** Aeolic Greek: {{l|grc|ϝῐ́τῠς}}
 ====Descendants====
+(From generalized zero-grade {{m|ine-pro||*uh₁ítis}})
-* Balto-Slavic:
+* Balto-Slavic: {{l|ine-bsl-pro|*wʔitis}}<ref name="D2008"/><ref name="D2015"/>
 ** Baltic:
-*** Lithuanian: {{l|lt|výtis}}
+*** Lithuanian: {{l|lt|výtis}}, {{l|lt|vytìs}}<ref name="D2015"/>
-** Slavic: {{l|sla-pro|*viti}}
+** Slavic: {{l|sla-pro|*vitь}}<ref name="D2008"/>
+*** East Slavic:
-* Celtic: {{l|cel-pro|*weitis}}<ref name="MacBain">{{R:MacBain}}</ref>
+**** Russian: {{l|ru|вить}}
-** Brittonic: {{qualifier|perhaps, or from Latin {{m|la|vitta}}}} <ref>Falileyev, A. (2000). Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Vol. 18). Walter de Gruyter.</ref>
+*** West Slavic:
-*** Old Breton: {{l|obt|goed}}
-*** Old Cornish: {{l|oco|guid}}
+**** Slovincian: {{l|zlw-slv|vjic|vjĩc}}
+*** South Slavic:
-**** Cornish: {{l|kw|gwythien}}
+**** Serbo-Croatian:
-*** Old Welsh: {{l|owl|guithennou}}
-**** Middle Welsh: {{l|wlm|gwythien}}, {{m|wlm|gwythen}}
+***** Cyrillic: {{l|sh|па̏вит|sc=Cyrl|tr=pȁvit}}
-***** Welsh: {{l|cy|gwyth}}
+***** Latin: {{l|sh|sc=Latn|pȁvit}}
+**** Slovene: {{l|sl|vȋt}}
+* Celtic: {{l|cel-pro|*wētis}}<ref name="Matasovic"/>
+** Brittonic:
+*** Middle Breton: {{l|xbm|gueden}}
+**** Breton: {{l|br|gwedenn}}
+*** Old Cornish: {{l|oco|guiden}}
+**** Middle Cornish: {{l|cnx|gusen}}
+*** Middle Welsh: {{l|wlm|gwyden}}, {{m|wlm|gwden}}
 ** Goidelic:
-*** Old Irish: {{l|sga|féith}}<ref name="MacBain"/>
+*** Middle Irish: {{l|mga|féith}}
 **** Irish: {{l|ga|féith}}
-* Germanic: {{l|gem-pro|*wiþiz}}
+* Germanic: {{l|gem-pro|*wiþiz}} (< generalized zero-grade {{m|ine-pro||*uh₁i-ti-}})
-* Italic: {{l|itc-pro|*wītis}}
+* Italic: {{l|itc-pro|*wītis}} (< generalized zero-grade {{m|ine-pro||*uh₁i-ti-}})<ref name="De Vaan"/>
 ** Latin: {{l|la|vītis}}

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis: difference between revisions

Revision as of 02:08, 27 July 2015

Contents

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Descendants

References

Navigation menu

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis: difference between revisions

Revision as of 02:08, 27 July 2015

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Descendants

References

Navigation menu

Search