Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥarb-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḥarb- f

1. blade, knife, long and sharp implement

Inflection

Declension of *ḥarb-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥarbum	*ḥarbāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ḥarbim	*ḥarbayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ḥarbam
possessive forms
1st person	*ḥarbī / *ḥarbVya	—	*ḥarbVni
2nd person m	*ḥarbVka	*ḥarbVkumā / *ḥarbVkumay	*ḥarbVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ḥarbVki		*ḥarbVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ḥarbVšu	*ḥarbVšumā / *ḥarbVšumay	*ḥarbVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ḥarbVša		*ḥarbVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥarbuya for nom. case, *ḥarbiya for gen. case, *ḥarbaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥarb- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḥarbuka *ḥarbāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ḥarbika *ḥarbayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ḥarbaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥarb- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḥarbuki *ḥarbāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ḥarbiki *ḥarbayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ḥarbaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
• Northwest Semitic:
  • Aramaic:
    • Imperial Aramaic: 𐡇𐡓𐡁 (ḥrb)
    • Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܚܪܒ
    • Classical Syriac: ܚܲܪܒܿܵܐ (ḥarbā, “sword; spearhead”)
    • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: חַרְבׇּא (ḥarbā, “sword; blade”)
    • Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: חרבא (“sword”)
  • Hebrew: חֶרֶב f (ḥéreḇ, “sword; war; ploughshare”)
  • Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎗𐎁 (ḥrb, “knife, sword”)
• Arabic: حَرْب f (ḥarb, “war”)
  • ⇒ Arabic: حَرْبَة f (ḥarba, “javelin, spearhead”)
  • Egyptian Arabic: حرب f (ḥarb, “war”)
  • Gulf Arabic: حرب f (ḥarb, “war”)
  • Maltese: ħarb m (“war”)
  • → Persian: حرب (harb, “war”)
• Amharic: አርበኛ (arbɲːa, “patriot”)
• Old South Arabian: 𐩢𐩧𐩨𐩩 (ḥrbt, “battle”)
• Soqotri: [Term?] (“fight”), ḥarib
• →? Ancient Greek: ἅρπη (hárpē, “sickle, scimitar; a bird of prey”)
• → Egyptian: [script needed] (ḥà-r-pu, “sword”)