ܚܪܒܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܪ ܒ (ḥ r b)
4 terms

Inherited from Aramaic חַרְבׇּא (ḥarbā), from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-; compare Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb, “war”), حَرْبَة (ḥarba, “javelin, spearhead”), Akkadian 𒄑𒀳𒌆𒆥 (ḫarbum), Old Armenian խարբ (xarb) and Old Georgian მეხარბე (mexarbe).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈxar.bɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) m (plural ܚܲܪ̈ܒܹܐ (ḥarbē))

1. sword, dagger, blade

   Synonyms: ܣܲܝܦܵܐ (saypā), ܣܲܦ̮ܣܹܝܪܵܐ (safsērā)

2. spearpoint; gunpoint
3. ploughshare/plowshare, plough/plow

   Synonym: ܦܕ݂ܵܢܵܐ (pḏānā)

4. killing, slaughter; war

   Synonyms: ܩܸܛܠܵܐ (qiṭlā), ܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ (qrāḇā), ܕܲܪܵܐ (darrā)

5. ravaging, devastating, destroying, ruining
6. devastation, destruction; desolation, emptiness

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܪܒܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܪܸܒ݂ (ḥriḇ)		1st person	ܚܲܪܒܝܼ (ḥarbī)		ܚܲܪܒܲܢ (ḥarban)
	construct	ܚܪܸܒ݂ (ḥriḇ)		2nd person	ܚܲܪܒܘܼܟ݂ (ḥarbōḵ)	ܚܲܪܒܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥarbāḵ)	ܚܲܪܒܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥarbawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܪܒܵܐ (ḥarbā)		3rd person	ܚܲܪܒܹܗ (ḥarbēh)	ܚܲܪܒܵܗ̇ (ḥarbāh)	ܚܲܪܒܗܘܿܢ (ḥarbhōn)
plural	absolute	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܝܼܢ (ḥarbīn)		1st person	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܝܼ (ḥarbī)		ܚܲܪ̈ܒܲܢ (ḥarban)
	construct	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܲܝ (ḥarbay)		2nd person	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܼܟ݂ (ḥarbōḵ)	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥarbāḵ)	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥarbawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܹܐ (ḥarbē)		3rd person	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܼܗܝ (ḥarbūh)	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܘܼܗ̇ (ḥarbōh)	ܚܲܪ̈ܒܲܝܗܘܿܢ (ḥarbayhōn)

Proper noun

ܚܲܪܒܵܐ • (ḥarbā) f

1. (astronomy) name of a comet

Etymology 2

Root
ܚ ܪ ܒ (ḥ r b)
4 terms

Characteristic adjective of ܚܵܪܹܒ݂ (ḥārēḇ); compare also in Classical Syriac ܚܪܒܐ (ḥarbā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xarrɑːwɑː]

Adjective

ܚܲܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ • (ḥarrāḇā) (feminine ܚܲܪܵܒ݂ܬܵܐ (ḥarrāḇtā), plural ܚܲܪ̈ܵܒ݂ܹܐ (ḥarrāḇē))

1. desolate, deserted, barren
2. desert, dry, arid, waterless
3. (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish

Classical Syriac

Etymology

From the root ܚ ܪ ܒ related to ruining, from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħar.bɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxar.bɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħɑr.bo]

Adjective

ܚܪܒܐ • (transliteration needed) (feminine ܚܪܒܬܐ (ḥarbəṯā), masculine plural ܚܪܒܐ (ḥarbē))

1. desolate, deserted, barren
   • Peshitta, Matthew 23:38:

     ܗܐ ܡܫܬܒܩ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܝܬܟܘܢ ܚܪܒܐ.

     hā meštəḇeq ləḵōn baytəḵōn ḥarbā.

     Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

2. desert, dry, arid, waterless
3. (figuratively) forlorn, destitute, wanting; empty, vain; foolish
4. rotten

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܪܒܐ

person	singular		plural
	m	f	m	f
absolute	ܚܪܒ	ܚܪܒܐ	ܚܪܒܝܢ	ܚܪܒܢ
construct	ܚܪܒ	ܚܪܒܬ	ܚܪܒܝ	ܚܪܒܬ
emphatic	ܚܪܒܐ	ܚܪܒܬܐ	ܚܪܒܐ	ܚܪܒܬܐ

Noun

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) c (plural ܚܪܒܐ (ḥarbē))

1. sword, dagger, blade
   • Peshitta, Matthew 10:34:

     ܠܐ ܬܣܒܪܘܢ ܕܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ ܒܐܪܥܐ. ܠܐ ܐܬܝܬ ܕܐܪܡܐ ܫܝܢܐ. ܐܠܐ ܚܪܒܐ.

     lā ṯesbərūn də-ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā ḇə-ʾarʿā: lā ʾĕṯêṯ də-ʾarmē šaynā, ʾellā ḥarbā.

     Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword.

   Synonyms: ܣܝܦܐ (saypā), ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sêrā)

2. spearpoint
3. ploughshare/plowshare, plough/plow
   • Peshitta, Luke 9:62:

     ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܝܫܘܥ. ܠܐ ܐܢܫ ܪܡܐ ܐܝܕܗ ܥܠ ܚܪܒܐ ܕܦܕܢܐ. ܘܚܐܪ ܠܒܣܬܪܗ ܘܚܫܚ ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ.

     ʾāmar lēh yəšūʿ, lā [ʾ]nāš rāmē ʾīḏēh ʿal ḥarbā ḏə-p̄addānā, wə-ḥāʾar lə-ḇestərēh wə-ḥāšaḥ lə-malkūṯēh də-ʾălāhā.

     And Jesus said unto him, No man, having put his hand to the plough, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.

4. killing, slaughter

   Synonym: ܩܛܠܐ (qeṭlā)

5. war

   Synonyms: ܩܪܒܐ (qərāḇā), ܕܪܐ (darrā)

6. defeat, loss
7. ravaging, devastating, destroying, ruining
8. devastation, destruction
9. desolation, emptiness
10. avenging, vengeance

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܪܒܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܪܒ		1st person	ܚܪܒܝ		ܚܪܒܢ
	construct	ܚܪܒ		2nd person	ܚܪܒܟ	ܚܪܒܟܝ	ܚܪܒܟܘܢ	ܚܪܒܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܪܒܐ		3rd person	ܚܪܒܗ	ܚܪܒܗ	ܚܪܒܗܘܢ	ܚܪܒܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܪܒܝܢ		1st person	ܚܪܒܝ		ܚܪܒܝܢ
	construct	ܚܪܒܝ		2nd person	ܚܪܒܝܟ	ܚܪܒܝܟܝ	ܚܪܒܝܟܘܢ	ܚܪܒܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܪܒܐ		3rd person	ܚܪܒܘܗܝ	ܚܪܒܝܗ	ܚܪܒܝܗܘܢ	ܚܪܒܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

• → Old Armenian: խարբ (xarb)
• →⇒ Old Georgian: მეხარბე (mexarbe)

Proper noun

ܚܪܒܐ • (ḥarbā) m

1. (astronomy) name of a comet

References

• “ḥrb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 27 September 2011
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 115b–116a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 155b–156a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 486a–b