Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati: difference between revisions

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{{reconstructed}}
{{reconstructed}}
==Proto-Slavic==
==Proto-Slavic==

⚫
===Alternative forms===
⚫
* {{l|sla-pro|*kuti}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Line 10: Line 7:


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{sla-verb|head=*kovàti|a=impf}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|241|*kovàti|v. (c) ‘forge’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|kovati: kujǫ kujetь|''c'' (SA 204, 212, 214, 236; PR 139)}}</ref>
{{sla-verb|head=*kovàti|a=impf}}


# to [[forge]]
# to [[forge]]
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{{sla-conj|impf|-1|-|ap=c}}
{{sla-conj|impf|-1|-|ap=c}}
{{sla-conj|impf|-1|h-|ap=c}}
{{sla-conj|impf|-1|h-|ap=c}}

⚫
====Alternative forms====
⚫
* {{l|sla-pro|*kuti}}


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
Line 27: Line 27:


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
{{top3}}
* East Slavic:
* East Slavic:
** {{desc|orv|ковати}}
** {{desc|orv|ковати}}
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*** Chakavian {{a|Vrgada}}: {{l|sh|kovȁti}}
*** Chakavian {{a|Vrgada}}: {{l|sh|kovȁti}}
*** Chakavian {{a|Orbanići}}: {{l|sh|kovãti}}
*** Chakavian {{a|Orbanići}}: {{l|sh|kovãti}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|kováti}}, {{l|sl|kuti}} ({{l|sl|kovem}})
** {{desc/sl-tonal|kováti|kúti}}
* West Slavic:
* West Slavic:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|kovati}}
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|kovati}}
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*** {{desc|hsb|kować}}
*** {{desc|hsb|kować}}
*** {{desc|dsb|kowaś}}
*** {{desc|dsb|kowaś}}
{{bottom}}


===References===
====Further reading====
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|кова́ть|page=407|vol=1}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|кова́ть|page=407|vol=1}}
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|241|*kovàti}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|кова́ть}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|кова́ть}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*kovati|10|12}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*kovati|10|12}}

===References===
<references/>

Revision as of 10:46, 19 July 2019

 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

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2=kewh₂
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *kowh₂-, from the root *kewh₂-. Cognate with Lithuanian káuti (“to hew, to beat, to murder”), Latvian kaût (“to fight”), Latin cūdere (“to forge, to beat, to grind”), Old Norse hǫggva (“to hew, to beat”), Old High German houwan (“to hew, to beat”), Old Irish cuad (“to beat, to fight”).

Verb

*kovàti impf[1][2]

  1. to forge

Inflection

Conjugation of *kovati, *kova, *kovetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kovanьje *kovati *kovatъ *kovalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kovanъ *kovomъ
Active *kovavъ *kovy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kovaxъ *kova *kova *kovǫ *koveši *kovetь
Dual *kovaxově *kovasta *kovaste *kovevě *koveta *kovete
Plural *kovaxomъ *kovaste *kovašę *kovemъ *kovete *kovǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kovaaxъ *kovaaše *kovaaše — *kovi *kovi
Dual *kovaaxově *kovaašeta *kovaašete *kověvě *kověta —
Plural *kovaaxomъ *kovaašete *kovaaxǫ *kověmъ *kověte —
Conjugation of *kovati, *kova, *kujetь (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kovanьje *kovati *kovatъ *kovalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kovanъ *kujemъ
Active *kovavъ *kuję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kovaxъ *kova *kova *kujǫ *kuješi *kujetь
Dual *kovaxově *kovasta *kovaste *kujevě *kujeta *kujete
Plural *kovaxomъ *kovaste *kovašę *kujemъ *kujete *kujǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kovaaxъ *kovaaše *kovaaše — *kuji *kuji
Dual *kovaaxově *kovaašeta *kovaašete *kujivě *kujita —
Plural *kovaaxomъ *kovaašete *kovaaxǫ *kujimъ *kujite —

Alternative forms

Related terms

Template:mid2

Descendants

Further reading

vol=1 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “кова́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кова́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kovati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 10

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kovàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 241: “v. (c) ‘forge’”
  2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kovati: kujǫ kujetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 212, 214, 236; PR 139)”
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