Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*welg-

1. wet, damp

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *walg-
  • Latgalian: volgs, Latgalian: volgons, Latgalian: pavolgs
  • Latvian: valgs
  • Slavic: *volga
    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: волога (vologa)
        • Old Ruthenian: воло́га (volóha)
          • Belarusian: вало́га (valóha), (dialectal) валіга (valiha)
          • Ukrainian: воло́га (volóha)
        • Russian: (dialectal) воло́га (vológa)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:

        Old Cyrillic script: влага (vlaga)

        Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⰰⰳⰰ (vlaga)

        • → Old East Slavic: влага (vlaga)
          • Old Ruthenian: вла́га (vláha)
          • Russian: вла́га (vlága)
      • Bulgarian: вла́га (vlága)
      • Macedonian: влага (vlaga)
      • Serbo-Croatian:

        Cyrillic script: вла̏га

        Latin script: vlȁga

      • Slovene: vlága (tonal orthography)
      • → Aromanian: vlagã
      • → Romanian: vlagă
    • West Slavic:
      • Old Czech: vláha
        • Czech: vláha
          • Bohemian (Chod dialect): vláha
      • Slovak: vlaha
      • Sorbian:
        • Upper Sorbian: włoha
• Proto-Celtic: *wolk-
  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Breton: gwalc'hiñ
    • Cornish: golhi
    • Welsh: golchi
  • Old Irish: folc
    • Irish: folc
    • Scottish Gaelic: failc
• Germanic: *wulkaną, *wulkną
  • Proto-West Germanic: *wolkn
    • Old English: wolcn, weolcen, wolc, wolcen
      • Middle English: welken (from plural wolcnu)
        • English: welkin
      • Scots: walk, wak (from wolc)
    • Old Frisian: wolken, wulken, ulken
      • North Frisian: wolk
      • West Frisian: wolken, wolke, wolk
    • Old Saxon: wolkan, wolcan
      • Middle Low German: wolken, wulken
    • Old Dutch: uulcun, wulkon
      • Middle Dutch: wolken
    • Old High German: wolkan, wolcan
      • Middle High German: wolken, wulken n or f or m
        • Bavarian: Woikn, Wolkn
        • Yiddish: וואָלקן (volkn⁩)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian:
    • Proto-Albanian: *(u)la-n-g
      • Albanian: lëng
    • Proto-Albanian: *ulg(a)ma
      • Albanian: ulmej
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: vìlgti, vìlgyti
    • Latgalian: velgme
    • Latvian: vil̂gt, velgme, velgans
    • Old Prussian: welgen
    • Proto-Slavic: *vьlgnǫti, *vьlgъkъ (see there for further descendants)