Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/razъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Equivalent to *raziti (“to pound, to bounce”) +‎ *-ъ, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Cognate with Lithuanian rúоžаs (“dash”), Latvian rоzа (“hill”) and akin to Ancient Greek ῥώξ (rhṓx, “crack”). In many daughter languages, the lemma became fossilized into an adverb with a sense similar to English once.

Noun

1. tact, dash, stroke

   → (by extension) unit for measuring time

2. mark
3. case

Inflection

Declension of *rȃzъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rȃzъ	*rȃza	*rȃzi
genitive	*rȃza	*razù	*rãzъ
dative	*rȃzu	*razomà	*razòmъ
accusative	*rȃzъ	*rȃza	*rȃzy
instrumental	*rȃzъmь, *rȃzomь*	*razomà	*razý
locative	*rȃzě	*razù	*razě̃xъ
vocative	*raze	*rȃza	*rȃzi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *rězъ (“cut”)
• *rězъkъ (“sudden, abrupt”)
• *rězati (“to cut”)

Derived terms

• *obrazъ (“figure, form, image”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: раз (raz)
  • Russian: раз (raz)
  • Ukrainian: раз (raz)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: разъ (razŭ, “case”)
  • Bulgarian: раз (raz)
  • Macedonian: раз (raz)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̄з

    Latin script: rāz

  • Slovene: rȃz
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: ráz
  • Kashubian: rôz
  • Polish: raz
  • Slovak: raz
  • Sorbian:

    Upper Sorbian: raz

    Lower Sorbian: raz

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “раз”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “раз”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 147
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “ráziti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “rȃz”